12 Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Android Keyboard Apps 2023 2022
Customizability tau thiab yuav yog qhov laj thawj loj tshaj plaws nyiam Android dhau iOS. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi phem dua li ua raws li lub neej ntawd apps uas cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam teeb tsa, txoj cai? Thiab tej zaum thawj qhov uas kuv hloov thaum tsiv mus rau lub smartphone tshiab yog cov keyboard app. Hmoov zoo, muaj ntau pua lub keyboard apps muaj rau Android operating system uas tsis tsuas yog muab cov yam ntxwv ntxiv tab sis kuj siv tau yooj yim thiab zoo dua. Yog li, yog tias koj tseem xav kho koj cov keyboard hauv Android, ntawm no yog 12 qhov zoo tshaj plaws keyboard apps rau Android uas koj yuav tsum siv hauv 2023 2022.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws keyboard apps rau Android hauv 2023 2022
Ua ntej peb tham txog peb cov npe ntawm cov keyboard zoo tshaj plaws rau Android, cia peb xub saib qee qhov laj thawj vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau saib rau lwm tus neeg sab nrauv keyboard apps.
Qhov xav tau rau lwm tus neeg sab nrauv keyboard apps
Zoo li peb tau hais, yuav luag txhua lub chaw tsim khoom hauv Android xa lawv cov khoom siv nrog lub siab tawv keyboard app. Nws yog ib qho ntawm Samsung thiab ib yam dab tsi txawv kiag li ntawm HTC xov tooj. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog thaum koj muaj Pixel lossis Android ntaus ntawv. Feem ntau, cov keyboard virtual no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev . Lawv tsis ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv tau thiab feem ntau tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas koj xav tau. Thiab yog tias koj tab tom xav txog yam xws li GIF txhawb nqa thiab sau emoji, koj yuav poob siab.
Yog li, lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov keyboard zoo los ntawm cov kev xaiv muaj. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tau ua cov npe kawg ntawm 15 qhov zoo tshaj plaws keyboard apps rau Android. Peb tau faib cov apps no raws li cov khoom koj tab tom nrhiav hauv cov keyboard. Yog li koj tuaj yeem hla yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib hom keyboard tshwj xeeb.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws all-in-ib keyboard apps rau Android
Cov keyboard apps no yog tsim los rau txhua tus! Nrhiav kev noj qab haus huv sib xyaw ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab nta kom pib.
1. Gboard (Google keyboard)
Gboard yog lub official keyboard app rau Android los ntawm Google. Nws ntim yuav luag txhua qhov tshwj xeeb uas koj xav tau rau hauv ib qho keyboard app, pib nrog tus neeg siv interface zoo heev. Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho tus neeg siv interface raws li koj nyiam thiab xav tau . Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem cais cov yuam sij nrog ciam teb lossis nqa lub ntsiab lus tsaus rau lub vaj huam sib luag. Muaj txawm tias hom ntab uas koj xav tau.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias Gboard tau koom ua ke nrog Google cov kev pabcuam. piv txwv li, Koj tuaj yeem tshawb Google rau GIF lossis duab thaum koj sau qee yam. Gboard kuj tseem tso cai rau koj nkag mus rau Google Txhais lus yog tias koj txaus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tau txais kev txhawb nqa los so ntaus ntawv, sau ntawv, lub suab ntaus ntawv, thiab tswj kev taw qhia.
Muab tag nrho cov ntawd, Gboard yog cov pob keyboard ua tiav. Nws muaj ntau yam nta txawm tias muaj ib qho me me hneev taw. Peb pom zoo qhov no rau txhua tus neeg uas xav tau kev paub keyboard stylish ntawm kev mus.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
2.SwiftKey Keyboard
SwiftKey Keyboard yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thib peb-tog keyboard app rau Android. Nws kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws thib peb-tog keyboard apps rau Android. Kev vam meej SwiftKey Xov Xwm , tam sim no muaj los ntawm Microsoft, Ib qho ntawm kev ntaus ntawv ceev tshaj plaws ntawm Android . Paub txog kev sau cov qauv thiab cov lus uas nquag siv thiab tom qab ntawd hloov tus neeg siv interface. Nws tuaj yeem qhia koj qhov zoo tshaj emoji rau qhov xwm txheej ntawd.
Thaum xub thawj pom, SwiftKey Keyboard yog cov keyboard yooj yim tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua tau Qhib sab saum toj rau ntau yam xws li GIF thiab kev txhawb nqa daim nplaum . Kuj tseem muaj cov keyboard resizing xaiv los xav txog - xws li Float mode thiab One-handed mode. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los koom ua ke Bing lossis Google rau hauv koj cov keyboard kom tau txais txiaj ntsig tshawb nrhiav sai thaum koj ntaus.
Yog tias koj xav tau kev ntaus ntawv sai dua, SwiftKey Keyboard yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tua tawm muaj. Tag nrho nws cov nta yog tsom rau kev txhim kho kev ntaus ntawv ceev thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv. Kev siv rau kev kho kom haum yog qhov zoo sib xws, uas ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv zoo hauv kev ua lag luam.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
3. Flexy
Fleksy yog lwm cov keyboard ceev hauv Android uas los nrog tus qauv tsim tsawg. Thaum piv rau Gboard thiab SwiftKey, tsis muaj ntau yam nta. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau kev nyeem ntawv zoo dua txhua hnub. Tus neeg siv interface yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab koj tuaj yeem pib ntaus ntawv tam sim ntawd. Fleksy tseem tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia ntse raws li koj ntaus ntawv - tsis yog ntawv nyeem nkaus xwb tab sis emojis ib yam nkaus.
Fleksy kos lub thawv thaum nws los txog rau cov qauv nta. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tau txais GIFs nrog rau emojis los ntawm cov ntu tshwj xeeb. Cov kev xaiv swipe typing thiab gesture navigation yog smoother Thaum piv rau lwm cov apps peb tau teev tseg. Koj tuaj yeem ua ke qee qhov widgets rau hauv Fleksy. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov yeeb yaj kiab, duab, thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus los ntawm cov keyboard nws tus kheej. Flesky kuj tseem ceev heev ua tsaug rau nws cov neeg siv yooj yim interface thiab txoj kev nws cov nta tau npaj. Peb pom zoo kom Fleksy yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav kom nrawm nrawm tag nrho-hauv-ib keyboard.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws keyboard apps rau swipe typing
Thaum cov apps saum toj no kuj zoo ntawm kev ntaus ntawv los so, cov apps hais hauv qab no muab qhov tshwj xeeb thiab nrawm nrawm ntaus ntawv.
4. Chroma Keyboard
Chrooma Keyboard yog ib qho ntawm cov keyboards zoo tshaj plaws tag nrho, tab sis swipe typing yog zoo nkauj heev. Ib qho laj thawj yog qhov ntawd Chrooma Keyboard los nrog ntau tus cwj pwm muaj zog. Koj tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov kev taw qhia no thiab cov ntsiab lus kwv yees kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Piv rau lwm cov keyboard apps, peb pom Chrooma Keyboard pom cov lus zoo thaum swiping.
Customization kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Chrooma keyboard. Koj tuaj yeem nqa cov ntsiab lus thiab nta rau koj cov keyboard tsis muaj sijhawm. Yog tias koj muaj lub vijtsam AMOLED, muaj lub roj teeb txuag zoo ib yam. Nws tseem muaj cov kev pabcuam ua pov thawj uas tshawb xyuas koj cov ntawv rau kev sau ntawv, qauv sau ntawv, thiab syntax. Tag nrho ua ke, kev paub ntawm kev ntaus ntawv ntawm Chrooma Keyboard yog qhov zoo.
Chrooma keyboard yog peb cov lus pom zoo sab saum toj thaum koj xav tau ib qho ntawm qhov nrawm tshaj plaws los so kev paub dhau los. Txawm hais tias muaj lub zog los so lub tshuab ntaus ntawv, koj tuaj yeem siv lub app rau kev xav tau kev ntaus ntawv ib yam. Cov keyboard txheeb xyuas txhua lub thawv ntawv ib yam nkaus.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
5. Multilingual Keyboard
Koj yuav xav tias qhov no feature-nplua nuj keyboard app yuav siv ntau qhov chaw ntawm koj lub cuab yeej. Zoo, Multiling O Keyboard yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm no. pib Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Multiling O keyboard muab ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws los so kev uas peb pom ntawm Android. Txhua yam yog du heev thiab tus neeg siv interface tau khaws cia rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Tsis zoo li ntau lwm cov keyboards, Multiling O Keyboard tuaj yeem ua tau Gestures rau cov cim tshwj xeeb thiab.
Raws li lub npe qhia, cov keyboard no yog tsim los rau kev ntaus hauv ntau hom lus. Koj tuaj yeem siv tib lub keyboard los sau ntau dua 200 yam lus , uas zoo kawg nkaus. Cov kev xaiv customization kuj tso cai rau koj xaiv cov keyboard tsim nyog thiab lwm yam kev xaiv. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj ntau hom kev kwv yees kev xaiv raws li koj xav tau. Ua ke, koj tau txais koj txhais tes ntawm ib qho yooj yim keyboard app uas tsis hnyav npaum li cas.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Grammar Keyboards
Txaus siab rau kev sau ntawv yam tsis muaj grammatical thiab spelling yuam kev? Tshawb xyuas cov keyboards no uas coj tus qauv sau ntawv sau ua ke uas tuaj yeem pab koj sau ntawv tsis raug email thiab lus.
6. Lus Cim Keyboard
Cov ntawv sau ntawv yog cov keyboard nrov tshaj plaws raws li Ntawm Grammar rau Android . Yog vim li cas yooj yim: nws yog powered los ntawm lub cav Grammarly nws tus kheej. Grammarly's auto-correction system yog qhov txawv me ntsis ntawm cov keyboards niaj hnub nyob rau ntawd. Thaum nws saib xyuas qhov yuam kev grammatical thaum koj ntaus ntawv, koj tsis tuaj yeem nias ntawm cov ntawv nyob ze thiab twv seb lo lus tiag.
Raws li cov qauv sau ntawv keyboard, Grammarly Keyboard tsis yog qhov thib ob. Tsom ntsoov rau kev sau ntawv thiab cov qauv sau ntawv nrog rau cov kab lus sib sib zog nqus . Raws li cov neeg tsim tawm, tsab ntawv tau sim rau 400 qhov ua yuam kev. Obviously tsuas yog qhov cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam yog tias koj xav tau kev sib txuas hauv internet rau kev kho txoj cai kom ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv ntxiv xws li GIF lossis cov ntawv nplaum.
Cov kab lus sau ntawv tsis yog keyboard rau txhua tus. Nws tau raug tsim los pab koj sau cov ntsiab lus uas tsis muaj grammatical yuam kev. Thaum kev sib koom ua ke, UI, thiab kev siv yooj yim yog qhov pom tau, peb yuav nyiam pom qee qhov ntxiv nta xws li GIF thiab kev txhawb nqa taw.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
7. Ginger Keyboard
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub koj tsis paub, Ginger yog lwm qhov kev kuaj kab lus hauv online. Piv rau Grammarly, Ginger Keyboard muaj ntau yam ntxiv uas koj yuav nyiam. tsis hais Ultra-ceev cov qauv sau ntawv kho thiab cov ntsiab lus kwv yees, Ginger Keyboard cia koj ntxig GIFs thiab emojis ib yam. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav qee txoj hauv kev los nrhiav cov xov xwm thiab ua si hauv cov keyboard user interface.
Peb pom tias tus neeg siv interface tsis zoo tiag tiag. nyob ntawd Cov ntawv ceeb toom nquag nug koj kom hloov kho mus rau cov ntawv them nyiaj Qhov twg yog qhov teeb meem loj. Txawm li cas los xij, peb nyiam qhov tseeb tias cov keyboard zoo li Ginger Keyboard muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li GIF thiab emoji txhawb nqa. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem hloov lub ntsiab lus thiab txawm siv tib lub keyboard los txhais cov khoom hauv online.
Ib zaug ntxiv, Ginger keyboard yuav tsis ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev sib txuas hauv internet, uas yog ib txwm muaj. Yog tias koj xav tau cov keyboard kho cov qauv sau ntawv nrog cov yam ntxwv yooj yim nyob nrog, koj yuav tsum xaiv Ginger Keyboard. Koj tseem tuaj yeem nyob nrog cov dawb version ib yam nkaus.
Kev teeb tsa: Dawb
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Custom Purpose Keyboards rau Android
Cov keyboard apps hauv qab no muaj lawv tus kheej tsom. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv raws li.
8. GO Keyboard
Puas yog koj tab tom nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws emoji keyboard rau koj lub cuab yeej Android? Zoo, GO Keyboard tsim nyog thawj qhov chaw hauv cov npe. Nws yog ib qho amazing emoji keyboard uas muab rau koj nrog ib tug loj sau ntawm emojis thiab stickers. Ntxiv mus, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau GIFs thiab lwm yam duab los ntawm lub vev xaib. Qhov kawg tab sis tsis kawg, koj yuav tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ntaus ntawv tawm tswv yim thiab cov lus taw qhia ib txwm muaj.
Yog koj kam them, GO Keyboard tuaj yeem muab cov yam ntxwv siab heev rau koj xws li emoji avatars thiab lwm cov duab kos duab . Kuj tseem muaj qee cov ntsiab lus txwv tsis pub nyob hauv cov ntawv nplaum thiab emojis. Qhov peb nyiam txog GO Keyboard yog tias koj tuaj yeem siv nws ua tus qauv keyboard. Thaum koj xaiv lub ntsiab lus huv, cov keyboard yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim los so ntaus ntawv.
Yog tias koj xav nkag mus rau ntau txhiab daim ntawv nplaum thiab emojis, GO Keyboard yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhaj tshuaj. Txawm hais tias qee qhov ntawm nws cov nta tau them, koj tau txais kev paub ntaus ntawv nrawm nrog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab. Nws cov collections zoo heev rau txhua hnub.
Kev teeb tsa: Dawb
9. Hindi keyboard
Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg uas hais lus Hindi (Indian) cov lus, Hindi keyboard yog lub keyboard zoo rau Android. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim keyboard raws li tus tsim ntawm Google Keyboard. Txawm li cas los xij, Nws txhawb lub suab thiab ntawv ntaus ntawv hauv 23 yam lus . Nyob ntawm hom lus koj siv, koj yuav muaj kev txhais lus thiab.
Hauv ntau hom lus, Hindi keyboard tuaj yeem muab kev kwv yees thiab cov lus qhia rau koj. Cov no zoo heev thaum koj sau ib hom lus uas nyuaj rau kev ntaus. Hindi keyboard yog peb nyiam thaum nws los txog rau ntaus ntawv hauv qee hom lus hauv zos. Nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub los yog lwm yam, Hindi keyboard ua haujlwm zoo dua li Google hom lus keyboard.
Koj yuav tsum mus rau Hindi keyboard yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav kev huv dua los ntaus hauv cov lus hauv zos. Txawm hais tias koj nyiam ntaus ntawv ua lus Askiv, cov keyboard zoo nkauj heev rau qhov ntawd. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog tias cov keyboard tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov zej zog zoo thiab tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm.
kev teeb tsa : مجاني
10. Typany Emoji Keyboard
Raws li lub npe hais, Typany Emoji Keyboard yog emoji keyboard. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv dawb tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog siab dua thaum koj xav tau Ntxig GIFs, dluab thiab emojis ntawm txhua yam. Tus neeg siv interface tsis muaj dab tsi luv luv ntawm qhov zoo tab sis qhov sib txawv tshwm sim thaum koj nyem rau ntawm emoji khawm. Ntawm no, koj muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv suav nrog AR Emoji.
Qhov no yog lawm. Typany Emoji Keyboard tso cai rau koj siv koj lub koob yees duab thiab tsim lub npe hu ua AR-emoji. Yog tias koj yog tsev kawm qub, koj tuaj yeem siv cov qauv emojis thiab GIFs ib yam nkaus. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov emojis tshwj xeeb yog tias koj nyiam. Tsim los ntawm Tenor, Typany Emoji keyboard muaj qee qhov GIFs zoo ib yam. Tag nrho cov no ua rau Typany Emoji Keyboard qhov kev txhaj tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntaus ntawv rau cov duab.
Thaum tus neeg siv interface yog qhov zoo, lub Typany Emoji Keyboard tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntaus ntawv . Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj siv ntau cov duab thiab GIFs thaum tham hauv online, koj yuav tsum muaj cov keyboard no. Nyob rau sab ci, koj tuaj yeem tau txais lub suab ntaus ntawv thiab lo lus twv ua ntej hauv hom qub.
Kev teeb tsa: Dawb
Zoo tshaj GIF keyboards rau Android
GIFs tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev sib txuas lus. Nov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Android keyboards uas koj tuaj yeem siv.
11. GIF Keyboard
Peb tseem xav tsis thoob yog tias GIF Keyboard los ntawm Tenor tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv keyboard tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav nkag mus rau ntau yam GIFs thoob plaws lub vev xaib, koj yuav tsum sim nws. lawm, Tenor keyboard yog kev koom ua ke rau saum cov keyboard tsis tu ncua nrog cov yam ntxwv yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem nyem lub pob GIF los tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav GIF duab.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txog GIF Keyboard los ntawm Tenor yog qhov teeb tsa nws tus kheej. Piv rau lwm cov keyboards rau tib lub hom phiaj, Koj tuaj yeem siv qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws GIFs muaj . Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav ntau yam nrov thiab ntu kom pom GIF txoj cai rau txoj kev xav.
Raws li peb tau hais, GIF Keyboard los ntawm Tenor tsis yog qhov hloov pauv ncaj qha rau koj cov keyboard li niaj zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem khaws nws rau hauv koj lub cuab yeej Android - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub koj xav tau ntau tshaj li cov lus los qhia qee yam. Nws muaj tus neeg siv interface zoo heev.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
12. Facemoji Emoji Keyboard
Tam sim no, ntawm no yog lwm cov keyboard tshwj xeeb rau emojis thiab GIFs. Nws muab qhov tseem ceeb heev rau emojis thiab GIFs uas koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lawv txhua tus ntawm cov nyees khawm tshwj xeeb. Koj tseem tuaj yeem hla dhau tus lej pane kom pom ib pawg ntawm emojis. Ib yam li ntawd, nyem lub pob GIF yuav coj cov GIFs nrov nrog rau cov uas koj tau siv yav dhau los.
Raws li tus qauv keyboard ib yam nkaus, Facemoji Emoji Keyboard tau txais txoj haujlwm tiav. Koj tuaj yeem coj mus rhaub rau ntawm qhov screen thiab txav mus los hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm tus cursor. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj ntau yam perks ntawm kev piav tes piav taw thiab. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Muaj ntau pua txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem kho qhov zoo ntawm koj cov keyboard. Txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov cim npe rau cov uas xav tau ib qho keyboard all-in-one.
Yog li, koj puas xav tau cov keyboard all-in-ib qho uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam qhov twg? Mus rau Facemoji Emoji Keyboard thiab koj yuav tsis poob siab. Thaum lub keyboard yuav zoo li funky thaum xub thawj, koj tuaj yeem kho nws raws li koj xav tau.
Kev teeb tsa: مجاني
FancyKey Keyboard
FancyKey Keyboard yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws keyboard app rau Android. Nws muaj ntau txoj kev npaj ua tiav rau kev ntaus ntawv smoother. Customization yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov keyboard no, pib nrog. Koj yuav tuaj yeem hloov qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov keyboard. Lwm qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov ntawd Koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv hauv cov fonts sib txawv .
Muaj ntau tshaj 30 fonts thiab cov ntsiab lus xaiv los ntawm. Los ntawm DIY foundations, FancyKey Keyboard yuav pab koj tsim koj tus kheej keyboard layout thiab tsos. Kuj tseem muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam kev ntaus ntawv thiab ntaus suab xaiv los ntawm. Ua ke, qhov khoom kim heev ntawm FancyKey keyboard tau zoo dua txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau qee lub sijhawm los tshawb nrhiav txhua qhov kev xaiv.
Peb pom zoo FancyKey Keyboard yog tias koj xav hloov kho tiag tiag. Tsis yog txhua tus xav siv fonts zoo nkauj, koj paub. Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg xav tau, koj yuav tsum sim nws. Tau kawg, cov keyboard no kuj ua tiav cov kev cai yooj yim.
Kev teeb tsa: Dawb : hauv-app muas khoom
Rov Qab Los: Sab saum toj 20 tub ntxhais kawm apps los pab kawm 2023
Siv cov Android keyboard apps no
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov keyboard apps rau Android yog tag nrho ntawm koj! Zoo li peb tau hais ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho raws li kev siv tau, cov yam ntxwv, lossis qib kev sib koom ua ke. Peb ib txwm pom zoo kom siv cov keyboard app uas muaj txhua lub thawv kos, xws li Gboard lossis Fleksy. Qhia rau peb paub koj nyiam cov keyboard apps los ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv nqe lus hauv qab no.
