Shoko rokuti "mushandisi wekombiyuta" rakabva kupi?
Isu tinoshandisa izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" kazhinji, asi nevanhu vazhinji vanotenga makomputa, wadii kuti "muridzi wekombuta" kana "mutengi wekombuta" kana chimwewo chinhu? Takachera munhoroondo kumashure kwetemu uye takawana chimwe chinhu chatisina kumbotarisira.
Chiitiko chisina kujairika che "mushandisi wekombuta"
Izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" rinonzwika zvisina kujairika kana ukamira wofunga nezvazvo. Patinotenga nekushandisa motokari, tiri “varidzi vemotokari” kana kuti “vatyairi vemotokari,” kwete “vashandisi vemotokari.” Kana tikashandisa nyundo, hatinzi "vashandisi vesando". Fungidzira uchitenga bhurocha rekushandisa saha rinonzi "A Guide for Chainsaw Users". Zvingave zvine musoro, asi zvinonzwika zvinoshamisa.
Zvisinei, patinotsanangura vanhu vanoshandisa kombiyuta kana kuti purogiramu, tinowanzodana vanhu kuti “vashandisi vekombiyuta” kana kuti “vashandisi vepurogiramu.” Vanhu vanoshandisa Twitter "vashandisi veTwitter," uye vanhu vane eBay nhengo "vashandisi veeBay."
Vamwe vanhu vachangobva kuita mhosho yekuvhiringa izwi iri ne "mushandisi" wezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Pasina nhoroondo yakajeka yezita rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" iripo parizvino, nyonganiso iyi haishamise munguva ino apo vazhinji vanoshoropodza social media nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo. Asi izwi rekuti "mushandisi" rine chekuita nemakomputa uye software harina chekuita nemishonga uye rakamuka rakazvimiririra. Ngatitarisei nhoroondo yetemu iyi tione kuti yakatanga sei.
Shandisa maitiro evamwe vanhu
Izwi rokuti "mushandisi wekombiyuta" mupfungwa yemazuva ano rinodzokera kuXNUMXs - kusvika pakutanga kwekutengesa kwekombiyuta nguva. Kuti tizive kwandakatanga, takatsvaga nhoroondo dzemabhuku ekombuta mukati Internet Archive Uye isu takawana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza: Pakati pa1953 na1958-1959, izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" rinogara richireva kambani kana sangano, kwete munhu.
Kushamisika! Vekutanga vanoshandisa komputa vaive vasiri vanhu zvachose.
Kuburikidza neongororo yedu, takaona kuti izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" rakaonekwa kuma1953, ne Muenzaniso wekutanga unozivikanwa Munyaya yeComputer uye Automation (Volume 2 Issue 9), iyo yaive yekutanga magazini yeindasitiri yemakomputa. Iro izwi rakaramba risingawanzo kusvika munenge muna 1957, uye kushandiswa kwaro kwakawedzera sezvo kushambadzira komputa kumisikidzwa kwakawedzera.
Saka nei vekutanga vashandisi vekombuta vaive makambani kwete vanhu? Pane chikonzero chakanaka cheizvozvo. Pane imwe nguva, makombiyuta akanga akakura zvikuru uye achidhura. MumaXNUMX, pakutanga kwekombiyuta yezvokutengeserana, makombiyuta aiwanzogara muimba yakatsaurirwa uye aida michina mikuru yakawanda, yakakosha kuti ishande. Kuti uwane chero chinhu chinobatsira kubva kwavari, vashandi vako vaida kudzidziswa kwepamutemo. Uyezve, kana chimwe chinhu chikaputsika, haugone kuenda kuchitoro chehardware uye kutenga chinotsiva. Muchokwadi, kuchengetedza kwemakomputa mazhinji kwaidhura zvekuti ruzhinji rwemakambani akahaya kana kuahadha kubva kuvagadziri vakaita seIBM nemakondirakiti ebasa aivhara kuisirwa nekuchengetedza makomputa nekufamba kwenguva.
Ongororo yakaitwa muna 1957 ye“vashandisi vemakombiyuta emagetsi” (makambani kana masangano) yakaratidza kuti 17 muzana chete ndivo vaiva nemakombiyuta avo, zvichienzaniswa ne83 muzana vakaahaya. Iyi 1953 Burroughs ad inoreva runyorwa rwe "chaiwo vashandisi vekombuta" inosanganisira Bell naHowell, Philco, uye Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. Aya ese mazita emakambani nemasangano. Muchiziviso chimwe chete, vakataura kuti masevhisi avo emakombuta anowanikwa "mubhadharo," zvichiratidza hurongwa hwekurenda.
Munguva ino, kana iwe uchizotaura pamwe chete kumakambani anoshandisa makomputa, hazvingave zvakakodzera kudaidza boka rese "varidzi vemakomputa", sezvo mazhinji emakambani akahaya michina yavo. Saka izwi rekuti "vashandisi vekombuta" rakazadza iro basa panzvimbo.
Shanduko kubva kumakambani kuenda kumunhu
Nemakomputa achipinda-chaiyo-nguva, zera rinopindirana nekugovana-nguva muna 1959, tsananguro ye "mushandisi wemakomputa" yakatanga kutama kubva kumakambani uye nezvimwe kune vanhu, vakatangawo kunzi "programmers". Panguva imwe cheteyo, makomputa akawedzera kufarirwa mumayunivhesiti umo vadzidzi vaiashandisa vari voga - zviri pachena kuti havana yavo. Vaimiririra guru guru revashandisi vekombiyuta itsva. Mapoka evashandisi vemakombuta ari kutanga kubuda muAmerica yese, achigovana matipi uye ruzivo rwemagadzirirwo kana kushandisa aya michina yeruzivo mitsva.
Munguva ye mainframe nguva yeXNUMXs nekutanga XNUMXs, masangano aiwanzo hire vashandi vekugadzirisa makomputa vanozivikanwa se. vanoshandisa makombiyuta (izwi rakatanga ku1967s mumamiriro echiuto) kana "macomputer administrator" (yakatanga kuonekwa muXNUMX panguva yekutsvagisa kwedu) iyo yaiita kuti makomputa ashande. Muchiitiko ichi, "mushandisi wekombuta" anogona kunge ari mumwe munhu anoshandisa mudziyo uye anga asiri iye muridzi kana maneja wekombuta, izvo zvaigara zvakadaro panguva iyoyo.
Nguva ino yakagadzira seti ye "mushandisi" mazwi ane chekuita nenguva-yekugovera masisitimu ane chaiyo-nguva masisitimu anoshanda ayo aisanganisira account account kune wese aishandisa komputa, kusanganisira mushandisi account, ID yemushandisi, mushandisi, vashandisi vakawanda, uye mushandisi wekupedzisira ( izwi rakatangira nguva yekombuta asi nekukurumidza izvo zvine chekuita nazvo).
Nei tichishandisa komputa?
Pakabuda shanduko yemakomputa pakati pemakore ekumaXNUMX (uye yakakura nekukurumidza mukutanga kwemaXNUMX), vanhu vakazokwanisa kuve nekombuta zvakanaka. Nekudaro, izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" rakaramba riripo. Munguva iyo mamiriyoni evanhu ari kungoerekana ashandisa kombiyuta kekutanga, kubatana pakati pemunhu ne "mushandisi wekombiyuta" kwakasimba kudarika kare.
Muchokwadi, izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" rave kudada kana chiziviso muPC nguva. Tandy akatotora izwi iri sezita remagazini kune varidzi vemakombuta eTRS-80. Mamwe majenari ane "Mushandisi" mumusoro anosanganisira MacUser و PC Mushandisi و Amstrad Mushandisi و Timex Sinclair Mushandisi و Iyo Micro Mushandisi Uye zvimwe. Imwe pfungwa yakauya. mushandisi Akasimba” mumaXNUMX semushandisi ane ruzivo anowana zvakanyanya kubva muhurongwa hwekombuta yake.
Pakupedzisira, izwi rekuti "mushandisi wekombuta" rinogona kuenderera mberi nekuda kwekubatsira kwaro sechinhu chikuru. Kuti tiyeuke zvatambotaura, munhu anoshandisa motokari anonzi “mutyairi” nokuti ndiye ari kutyaira motokari. Munhu anoona terevhizheni anonzi “viewer” nekuti anoona zvinhu pascreen. Asi chii chatinoshandisa makomputa? Zvinenge zvese. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei "mushandisi" akakodzera, nekuti iri izwi rekare kune mumwe munhu anoshandisa komputa kana software chero chinangwa. Chero bedzi izvi zviri izvo, pachagara paine vashandisi vekombuta pakati pedu.
