Idilesi ye-IP yidilesi yekhompyuter apho itrafikhi ye-Intanethi inikezelwa kwaye idilesi ye-MAC sisichongi esisodwa esinikezelwe ngumenzi wekhadi lenethiwekhi nganye kwisixhobo sabo esiqhagamshelweyo. Ke, kwesi sithuba sikhulu, siza kukubonisa wonke umahluko phakathi kwedilesi ye-IP kunye nedilesi ye-MAC.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwedilesi ye-IP kunye nedilesi ye-MAC?
Iidilesi ze-IP kunye ne-MAC ziidilesi ezichonga ngokukodwa isixhobo kunye noqhagamshelwano kwinethiwekhi. Idilesi ye-MAC ngokwesiseko linani elinikezelwe kwi-NIC ngumenzi, ngelixa ngoku ukuba sithetha ngedilesi ye-IP, mandikuxelele konke ngamagama asisiseko linani elinikezelwe kuqhagamshelo kuthungelwano.
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwedilesi ye-IP kunye nedilesi ye-MAC kukuba idilesi ye-MAC ichonga ngokukodwa isixhobo esifuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kuthungelwano. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, idilesi ye-IP ichonga ngokukodwa unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi kujongano lwesixhobo.
Funda kwakhona: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwedilesi ye-IP emileyo kunye neguqukayo؟
Nangona kunjalo, ngoku ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elininzi, makhe sibazi ngokufutshane, kwaye sihlolisise umahluko phakathi kwabo. Ke ngoko, sinokwazi ukuba zahluke njani omnye komnye kwaye zisebenza njani ngokwenene.
Yintoni idilesi yeIP?
IP imele "iProtokholi ye-Intanethi", kwaye iphathwa njengegama leprotokholi yonxibelelwano ngenethiwekhi kunye nedilesi ye-IP, yona inombolo oyikhethayo okanye eyabelwe ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi, kwaye oku akuyondlela yokwazi I-intanethi. ngubani.
Ke luhlobo "lokungena" ukukuchonga xa uku-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezimbini zeedilesi ze-IP, iidilesi ze-IP zoluntu kunye needilesi ze-IP zabucala, kwaye nganye inenjongo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Yintoni idilesi ye-IP yoluntu?
Idilesi ye-IP yoluntu yidilesi eyabelwe nguMboneleli wakho weNkonzo ye-Intanethi, iinkampani ezibonelela ngofikelelo lwe-Intanethi njengeJio, i-Airtel, iVodafone, njl., kwaye inceda ukukuchonga kwi-Intanethi xa uqhagamshela. Nangona kukho izilungiso, iqhelekile ukuba ezi dilesi ze-IP zithande ukuguquguquka kwaye zitshintshe rhoqo ngaphandle kokuqaphela kwakho.
Akukho mntu unokujonga kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kwedilesi ye-IP, kwaye akukho phepha lewebhu elinokuba kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kwedilesi ye-IP ehambelana nayo. Enyanisweni, xa uchwetheza idilesi efana ne-"www.techviral.net", into eyenziwa ngumkhangeli kukuguqula umbhalo kwidilesi ye-IP ukuze udibanise kwiphepha le-Techviral kwaye ufikelele kumxholo walo.
Ke ngoko, ezi dilesi zikawonke-wonke ze-IP zifana nepleyiti yelayisensi oyinikwe xa usiya kwi-Intanethi. Yindlela yokuzazisa njengomsebenzisi kwindawo enkulu yenethiwekhi apho idilesi ye-IP ayinakuphinda iphindwe.
Yintoni idilesi ye-IP yabucala?
Ngelixa ngoku ukuba sithetha ngeedilesi ze-IP zabucala, makhe ndicacise ukuba iidilesi ze-IP zabucala zezo zisetyenziswa kuthungelwano lwabucala olufana nezo uzenzayo ekhayeni lakho ngokuqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi kwiWiFi yakho. Xa wenza oku, isixhobo ngasinye esifana nomshicileli, i-router, okanye i-smartphone inedilesi yayo ye-IP, ngoko akukho zingxabano, isixhobo ngasinye siya kuba nedilesi ye-IP eyahlukileyo.
Iidilesi ze-IP ziquka ukuya kutsho kumanani amane, ahlulwe ngamachaphaza amathathu. Amaxabiso enani ngalinye anokwahluka phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-255, ngoko ke idilesi ye-IP ingaba ngu-192.168.1.1. Phakathi kwamawaka eendibaniselwano ezinokwenziwa ngolu nombolo, kukho ezintathu ezigcinelwe kuphela idilesi ye-IP yabucala, kwaye zezi:-
- Udidi A: “10.0.0.0 ukuba 10.255.255.255”
- Udidi B: “172.16.0.0 ukuya ku-172.31.255.255”
- Udidi C: "192.168.0.0 ukuya ku-192.168.255.255"
Udidi A lolothungelwano olukhulu, olufana neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe; Iidilesi ze-IP zabucala zodidi B zezothungelwano ezinobungakanani obuphakathi, obufana nothungelwano lweyunivesithi, kunye needilesi ze-IP zabucala zoDidi C zidla ngokusetyenziselwa uthungelwano oluncinci nolwasekhaya, olufana neerotha zasekhaya.
Yintoni idilesi ye-MAC?
Idilesi ye-MAC sisichongi esisodwa esinikwa umenzi ngamnye wekhadi lothungelwano kwizixhobo zabo eziqhagamshelweyo, ukusuka kwikhompyuter okanye kwifowuni ephathwayo ukuya kwiirutha, abashicileli, okanye ezinye izixhobo. Ekubeni kukho izixhobo ezinamakhadi othungelwano ahlukeneyo, njengenye ye-WiFi kunye nenye ye-Ethernet, ezinye zazo zinokuba needilesi ezahlukeneyo ze-MAC ngokuxhomekeke apho ziqhagamshelwe khona.
Iidilesi ze-MAC zineebhithi ezingama-48, ezimelwe ngokubanzi ngamanani anehexadecimal. Ekubeni inkqubo nganye ye-hexadecimal ilingana neebhinari ezine (48:4 = 12), idilesi inamanani ali-12 adityaniswe abe ngamaqela amathandathu ahlulwe ngamakholoni, nanku umzekelo idilesi ye-MAC "67:8e:f9:5j:36:9t .
Enye into ebalulekileyo kunye nenomdla omele uyigcine engqondweni kukuba kukho iinjini zokukhangela ezikhethekileyo zokufumana umenzi wesixhobo ngokusekelwe kwiidijithi ezintandathu zokuqala ze-MAC yayo.
Ngenxa yokuba zizifanisi ezizodwa, umlawuli wenethiwekhi unokusebenzisa ii-MACs ukuvumela okanye ukwala izixhobo ezithile ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi. Ngokwethiyori, imiselwe kuso sonke isixhobo, nangona kukho iindlela zokuyitshintsha xa ufuna ukuyenza ibonakale ngakumbi kuthungelwano lwakho okanye uthintele ukuvaleka.
Oku kungafani kwe-MAC nganye ukuya kwenye kufuna ukuba unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Njengaxa uqhagamshela okanye uzama ukuqhagamshela kwirutha, ifowuni yakho ephathwayo okanye ikhompyuter iya kuthumela i-MAC ngokuzenzekelayo. Sesinye sezizathu zokuba uhlale usazi apho uqhagamshelwe khona kwi-intanethi nokuba yekabani na loo nethiwekhi.
Le yindlela abahluke ngayo omnye komnye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ndithetha ngedilesi ye-IP kunye nedilesi ye-MAC. Ewe, ucinga ntoni ngale nto? Yabelana nje ngazo zonke iimbono kunye neengcinga zakho kwicandelo lamagqabaza apha ngezantsi. Kwaye ukuba uyayithanda le post, ungalibali ukwabelana ngale post nabahlobo bakho kunye nosapho.
