Livela phi igama elithi “umsebenzisi wekhompyutha”?
Sisebenzisa igama elithi “umsebenzisi wekhompyutha” rhoqo, kodwa xa abantu abaninzi bethenga iikhompyutha, kutheni ungathi “umnini wekhompyutha” okanye “umthengi wekhompyutha” okanye enye into? Siye sagrumba kwimbali emva kwekota kwaye safumana into ebesingayilindelanga.
Imeko engaqhelekanga "yomsebenzisi wekhompyuter"
Igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" livakala lingaqhelekanga ukuba uyama kwaye ucinge ngalo. Xa sithenga kwaye sisebenzisa imoto, “singabanikazi bemoto” okanye “abaqhubi beemoto,” hayi “abasebenzisi bemoto.” Xa sisebenzisa isando, asibizwa ngokuba "ngabasebenzisi behamile". Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni uthenga incwadana emalunga nendlela yokusebenzisa isarha ebizwa ngokuba yi "A Guide for Chainsaw Users". Isenokuvakala, kodwa ivakala ingaqhelekanga.
Noko ke, xa sichaza abantu abasebenzisa ikhompyutha okanye inkqubo ethile, sidla ngokubabiza abantu ngokuthi “abasebenzisi beekhompyutha” okanye “abasebenzisi benkqubo yekhompyutha.” Abantu abasebenzisa i-Twitter "ngabasebenzisi be-Twitter," kwaye abantu abanobulungu be-eBay "ngabasebenzisi be-eBay."
Abanye abantu basanda kwenza impazamo yokubhidanisa eli gama kunye "nomsebenzisi" weziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Ngaphandle kwembali ecacileyo yegama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" ekhoyo okwangoku, oku kubhideka akumangalisi ngeli xesha apho abaninzi bagxeka amajelo eendaba ezentlalo ngeempawu zawo eziluthayo. Kodwa igama elithi "umsebenzisi" ngokunxulumene neekhompyuter kunye nesoftware ayinanto yakwenza neziyobisi kwaye ivele ngokuzimeleyo. Makhe sijonge kwimbali yeli gama ukuze sibone ukuba yaqala njani.
Sebenzisa iinkqubo zabanye abantu
Igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyutheni" kwingqiqo yanamhlanje ibuyele kwi-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwexesha lekhompyutha yorhwebo. Ukufumanisa apho ndiqale khona, siye saphanda uncwadi lwekhompyuter lwembali Uvimba we-Intanethi Kwaye sifumene into enomdla: Phakathi kwe-1953 kunye ne-1958-1959, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyutheni" lihlala libhekisela kwinkampani okanye kwintlangano, kungekhona umntu.
Ummangaliso! Abasebenzisi bokuqala bekhompyuter babengengobantu kwaphela.
Ngophando lwethu, sifumanise ukuba igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" livele malunga ne-1953, kunye Umzekelo wokuqala owaziwayo Kushicilelo lweComputer and Automation (Volume 2 Issue 9), eyayiyimagazini yokuqala kushishino lwekhompyutha. Eli gama lahlala linqabile de kwangowe-1957, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwalo kwanda njengoko kufakelo lwekhompyuter lonyuka.
Ke kutheni iinkampani zabasebenzisi bekhompyuter bokuqala hayi abantu? Kukho isizathu esibambekayo soko. Kudala, iikhompyutha zazinkulu kakhulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Ngeminyaka yee-XNUMX, ekuqaleni korhwebo lwekhompyutha, iikhompyutha zazidla ngokuhlala kwigumbi elizinikeleyo kwaye zifuna izixhobo ezininzi ezinkulu nezikhethekileyo ukuze zisebenze. Ukufumana nasiphi na isiphumo esiluncedo kubo, abasebenzi bakho babedinga uqeqesho olusesikweni. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kukho into ephukayo, awukwazi ukuya kwivenkile ye-hardware kwaye uthenge enye indawo. Enyanisweni, ukugcinwa kweekhomputha ezininzi kwakuxabisa kakhulu kangangokuba uninzi lweenkampani zaqeshisa okanye zabaqeshisa kubavelisi abafana ne-IBM eneekhontrakthi zenkonzo ezigubungela ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweekhompyutha ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Uhlolisiso olwenziwa ngowe-1957 “lwabasebenzisi beekhompyutha ze-elektroniki” (iinkampani okanye imibutho) lwabonisa ukuba li-17 ekhulwini kuphela kubo ababenezabo iikhompyutha, xa kuthelekiswa nama-83 ekhulwini ababeziqeshile. Le ntengiso ka-1953 Burroughs ibhekisa kuluhlu "lwabasebenzisi bekhompyuter abaqhelekileyo" ababandakanya iBell noHowell, uPhilco, kunye noPhando lweHydrocarbon, Inc. Onke la ngamagama eenkampani kunye namaziko. Kwakwesi ntengiso, bachaza ukuba iinkonzo zabo zekhompyuter ziyafumaneka "ngentlawulo," ebonisa ilungiselelo lokurenta.
Ngeli xesha, ukuba ubunokubhekisa ngokudibeneyo kwiinkampani ezisebenzisa iikhompyuter, bekungayi kufaneleka ukubiza lonke iqela ngokuthi "abanini beekhompyuter", kuba uninzi lweenkampani ziqesha izixhobo zabo. Ke igama elithi "abasebenzisi bekhompyuter" bazalise loo ndima endaweni yoko.
Utshintsho ukusuka kwiinkampani ukuya kubantu ngabanye
Ngeekhompyuter ezingena ngexesha lokwenyani, ixesha lokusebenzisana kunye nokwabelana ngexesha ngo-1959, inkcazo "yomsebenzisi wekhompyuter" yaqala ukusuka kwiinkampani nangaphezulu ukuya ebantwini, nabo baqala ukubizwa ngokuba "ngabadwelisi". Kwangelo xesha linye, iikhomputha ziye zathandwa ngakumbi kwiidyunivesithi apho abafundi babezisebenzisa ngokuzimeleyo - ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kokuba ngabanini. Bamele igagasi elikhulu labasebenzisi abatsha bekhompyuter. Amaqela abasebenzisi bekhompyuter aqala ukuvela kulo lonke elaseMelika, ukwabelana ngeengcebiso kunye nolwazi malunga nendlela yokucwangcisa okanye ukusebenzisa aba matshini batsha bolwazi.
Ngexesha le-mainframe ye-XNUMXs kunye ne-XNUMXs yokuqala, imibutho yayidla ngokuqesha abasebenzi bokugcina iikhompyuter abaziwa ngokuba abasebenzisi bekhompyuter (igama elivela kwi-1967 kwimeko yempi) okanye "abalawuli beekhompyutheni" (okuqala babonwa kwi-XNUMX ngexesha lophando lwethu) ababegcina iikhomputha zisebenza. Kule meko, "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" unokuba ngumntu osebenzisa isixhobo kwaye ebengenguye umnini okanye umlawuli wekhompyuter, nto leyo ibisoloko injalo ngelo xesha.
Eli xesha livelise isethi yamagama "abasebenzisi" anxulumene neenkqubo zokwabelana ngexesha kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zexesha langempela ezibandakanya iiprofayili zeakhawunti kuye wonke umntu osebenzisa ikhomputha, kubandakanywa iakhawunti yomsebenzisi, i-ID yomsebenzisi, iprofayili yomsebenzisi, abasebenzisi abaninzi, kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela ( igama elandulela ixesha lekhompyuter kodwa ngokukhawuleza into ehambelana nayo).
Kutheni sisebenzisa ikhompyutha?
Xa uhlaziyo lwekhompyuter lwavela phakathi koo-XNUMXs (kwaye lwakhula ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni koo-XNUMX), abantu baye bakwazi ukuba nekhompyuter ngokukhululekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" laqhubeka. Kwixesha apho izigidi zabantu zisebenzisa ikhompyuter ngequbuliso okokuqala, unxibelelwano phakathi komntu kunye "nomsebenzisi wekhompyuter" lomelele ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Ngapha koko, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" sele liphantse laba libhongo okanye ileyibhile yesazisi ngexesha lePC. UTandy wada walithatha eli gama njengesihloko semagazini kubanini beekhompyutha ze-TRS-80. Ezinye iijenali ezino-"User" kwisihloko zibandakanyiwe MacUser و Umsebenzisi wePC و Umsebenzisi weAmstrad و Umsebenzisi weTimex Sinclair و Umsebenzisi omncinci Kunye nokuninzi. Kwavela icebo. umsebenzisi Womelele” ngeminyaka yee-XNUMX njengomsebenzisi onolwazi ofumana okuninzi kwinkqubo yakhe yekhompyuter.
Ekugqibeleni, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyuter" liya kuqhubeka ngenxa yokuba luncedo ngokubanzi njengento eyongamelayo. Ukuze sikhumbule oko sikukhankanyileyo, umntu osebenzisa inqwelo-mafutha ubizwa ngokuba “ngumqhubi” kuba eyiqhuba. Umntu obukele umabonwakude ubizwa ngokuba “ngumbukeli” kuba ebona izinto kwiscreen. Kodwa sisebenzisela ntoni iikhompyutha? Phantse yonke into. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni "umsebenzisi" efanelekile, kuba ligama eliqhelekileyo kumntu osebenzisa ikhompyutha okanye isoftwe ngayo nayiphi na injongo. Logama nje kunjalo, kuya kuhlala kukho abasebenzisi bekhompyuter phakathi kwethu.
