Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi yikheli lekhompyutha lapho ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi ilethwa khona futhi ikheli le-MAC liyisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele esinikezwa umenzi wekhadi lenethiwekhi ngamunye kudivayisi yakhe exhunyiwe. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuhle, sizokukhombisa wonke umehluko phakathi kwekheli le-IP nekheli le-MAC.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwekheli le-IP nekheli le-MAC?
Amakheli e-IP kanye ne-MAC amakheli ahlonza idivayisi ngokuhlukile kanye noxhumo kunethiwekhi. Ikheli le-MAC ngokuyisisekelo inombolo eyabelwe i-NIC ngumkhiqizi, kanti manje uma sikhuluma ngekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi, ake ngikutshele wonke ngamagama ayisisekelo inombolo eyabelwe ukuxhumana kunethiwekhi.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwekheli le-IP nekheli le-MAC ukuthi ikheli le-MAC lihlonza ngokukhethekile idivayisi efuna ukubamba iqhaza kunethiwekhi. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lihlonza ngokuhlukile ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kusixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi.
Funda futhi: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwekheli le-IP elimile neliguqukayo؟
Nokho, manje ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi, ake sibazi kafushane, futhi sihlole umehluko phakathi kwabo. Ngakho-ke, singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye nokuthi zisebenza kanjani ngempela.
Liyini ikheli le-IP?
I-IP imele “i-Internet Protocol”, futhi ithathwa njengegama lesivumelwano sokuxhumana ngenethiwekhi nekheli le-IP, okuyinombolo oyikhethayo noma owabelwe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, futhi lena akuyona ngisho indlela yokwazi I-inthanethi. ubani.
Ngakho-ke kuwuhlobo "lokungena ngemvume" ukukuhlonza uma uku-inthanethi. Nokho, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamakheli e-IP, amakheli e-IP omphakathi namakheli e-IP ayimfihlo, futhi ngalinye linenhloso ehluke ngokuphelele.
Liyini ikheli le-IP lomphakathi?
Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi liyikheli elinikezwe Umhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi, izinkampani ezinikeza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi njenge-Jio, i-Airtel, i-Vodafone, njll., futhi isebenzela ukukuhlonza ku-inthanethi lapho uxhuma. Nakuba kukhona nokulungiswa, kuvamile ukuthi lawa makheli asesizindeni se-inthanethi ajwayele ukushintshashintsha futhi ashintshe njalo ngaphandle kokuqaphela kwakho.
Akekho ongangena ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi, futhi alikho ikhasi lewebhu elingase libe ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwekheli le-IP elihlobene. Eqinisweni, uma uthayipha ikheli elifana ne-“www.techviral.net”, okwenziwa isiphequluli ukuguqula lowo mbhalo ube ikheli le-IP ukuze uxhumeke ekhasini le-Techviral futhi ufinyelele okuqukethwe kwawo.
Ngakho-ke, lawa makheli e-IP omphakathi afana nepuleti lelayisense elinikezwe wena lapho uxhumeke ku-inthanethi. Kuyindlela yokuzibonakalisa njengomsebenzisi endaweni enkulu yenethiwekhi lapho ikheli le-IP lingenakuphindwaphindwa khona.
Liyini ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo?
Njengoba manje uma sikhuluma ngamakheli e-IP ayimfihlo, ake ngicacise ukuthi amakheli e-IP ayimfihlo yilawo asetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi ayimfihlo afana nalawa owakhayo ekhaya lakho ngokuxhuma amadivayisi amaningi nge-WiFi yakho. Uma wenza lokhu, idivayisi ngayinye efana nephrinta, umzila, noma i-smartphone inekheli layo le-IP, ngakho-ke azikho izingxabano, idivayisi ngayinye izoba nekheli le-IP elihlukile.
Amakheli e-IP ahlanganisa izinombolo ezifika kwezine, ahlukaniswe amachashazi amathathu. Amanani enombolo ngayinye angahluka phakathi kuka-0 no-255, ngakho-ke ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lingaba ngu-192.168.1.1. Phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezinhlanganisela ezingadalwa ngale nombolo, kukhona ezintathu ezibekelwe ngokukhethekile ikheli le-IP langasese, futhi nazi:-
- Ikilasi A: “10.0.0.0 kuya ku-10.255.255.255”
- Isigaba B: “172.16.0.0 kuya ku-172.31.255.255”
- Isigaba C: “192.168.0.0 kuya ku-192.168.255.255”
Ikilasi A ngelamanethiwekhi amakhulu, njengezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe; Amakheli e-IP ayimfihlo ekilasi B amanethiwekhi anosayizi omaphakathi, njengamanethiwekhi enyuvesi, futhi amakheli e-IP ayimfihlo Ekilasi C ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi amancane nawendawo, njengamarutha asekhaya.
Liyini ikheli le-MAC?
Ikheli le-MAC yisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele umkhiqizi wekhadi lenethiwekhi ngamunye awunikeza amadivayisi abo axhunyiwe, kusukela kukhompyutha noma iselula kuya kumarutha, amaphrinta, noma amanye amadivaysi. Njengoba kunamadivayisi anamakhadi enethiwekhi ahlukene, njengelilodwa le-WiFi nelilodwa le-Ethernet, amanye awo angaba namakheli ahlukene e-MAC kuye ngokuthi axhumeke kuphi.
Amakheli e-MAC aqukethe amabhithi angu-48, ngokuvamile amelelwa izinombolo ze-hexadecimal. Njengoba isistimu ngayinye ye-hexadecimal ilingana ombambambili abane (48:4 = 12), ikheli liqukethe izinombolo eziyi-12 ezihlanganiswe ngamapheya ayisithupha ahlukaniswe amakholoni, nasi isibonelo sekheli le-MAC "67:8e:f9:5j:36:9t .
Enye into ebalulekile nethakazelisayo okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi kunezinjini zokusesha ezikhethekile zokuthola umkhiqizi wedivayisi esekelwe kumadijithi ayisithupha okuqala e-MAC yayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izihlonzi ezihlukile, umlawuli wenethiwekhi angasebenzisa ama-MAC ukuze avumele noma anqabele amadivayisi athile ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi. Ngokombono, ilungiselwe yonke idivayisi, nakuba kunezindlela zokuyishintsha uma ufuna ukuyenza ibonakale kakhudlwana kunethiwekhi yakho noma ugweme ukuvinjwa.
Lokhu kuhluka kwe-MAC ngayinye kuya kweyodwa nakho kudinga ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile. Njengalapho uxhuma noma uzama ukuxhuma kumzila, iselula yakho noma ikhompuyutha izothumela i-MAC ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani uhlale wazi ukuthi uxhumeke kuphi ku-inthanethi nokuthi leyo nethiwekhi ekabani.
Yile ndlela ezihluke ngayo komunye nomunye, yiqiniso, ngikhuluma ngekheli le-IP nekheli le-MAC. Awu, ucabangani ngalokhu? Vele wabelane ngayo yonke imibono nemicabango yakho esigabeni sokuphawula esingezansi. Futhi uma uthanda lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungakhohlwa ukwabelana ngalokhu okuthunyelwe nabangani bakho nomndeni wakho.
