Livelaphi igama elithi “umsebenzisi wekhompyutha”?
Sisebenzisa igama elithi “umsebenzisi wekhompyutha” njalo, kodwa kubantu abaningi abathenga amakhompyutha, kungani singasho ukuthi “umnikazi wekhompyutha” noma “ikhasimende lekhompyutha” noma okunye? Sangena emlandweni waleli gama sathola into ebesingayilindele.
Indaba engavamile "yomsebenzisi wekhompyutha"
Igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompuyutha" lizwakala lingajwayelekile uma ume ucabange ngalo. Lapho sithenga futhi sisebenzisa imoto, “singabanikazi bezimoto” noma “abashayeli bezimoto,” hhayi “abasebenzisi bezimoto.” Uma sisebenzisa isando, asibizwa ngokuthi "abasebenzisi besando". Zibone ngeso lengqondo uthenga incwajana yokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani isaha ebizwa ngokuthi "Umhlahlandlela Wabasebenzisi Be-Chainsaw". Kungase kube nengqondo, kodwa kuzwakala kuyinqaba.
Nokho, lapho sichaza abantu abasebenzisa ikhompuyutha noma uhlelo, sivame ukubiza abantu ngokuthi “abasebenzisi bamakhompiyutha” noma “abasebenzisi be-software.” Abantu abasebenzisa i-Twitter "ngabasebenzisi be-Twitter," futhi abantu abanobulungu be-eBay "ngabasebenzisi be-eBay."
Abanye abantu basanda kwenza iphutha lokuphambanisa leli gama "nomsebenzisi" wezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Ngaphandle komlando ocacile wegama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompiyutha" otholakalayo okwamanje, lokhu kudideka akumangazi kule nkathi lapho abaningi begxeka izinkundla zokuxhumana ngezindawo zayo zokulutha. Kodwa igama elithi "umsebenzisi" maqondana namakhompiyutha kanye nesoftware alihlangene nezidakamizwa futhi livele ngokuzimela. Ake sibheke umlando waleli gama ukuze sibone ukuthi laqala kanjani.
Sebenzisa amasistimu abanye abantu
Igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyutha" ngomqondo wesimanje lihlehlela emuva kuma-XNUMXs - ekuqaleni kwenkathi yamakhompiyutha okuhweba. Ukuze sithole ukuthi ngiqale kuphi, sicwaninge izincwadi zekhompiyutha zomlando Ingobo yomlando ye-Intanethi Futhi sithole okuthile okuthakazelisayo: Phakathi kuka-1953 no-1958-1959, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompyutha" cishe libhekisela enkampanini noma inhlangano, hhayi umuntu.
Ukumangala! Abasebenzisi bokuqala bekhompuyutha babengebona nhlobo abantu.
Ngocwaningo lwethu, sithole ukuthi igama elithi “umsebenzisi wekhompyutha” livele cishe ngo-1953, nge Isenzakalo sokuqala esaziwayo Odabeni lweComputer and Automation (Volume 2 Issue 9), okwakuwumagazini wokuqala embonini yamakhompyutha. Leli gama lahlala liyivelakancane kwaze kwaba ngu-1957, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwanda njengoba ukufakwa kwamakhompiyutha okuhweba kwanda.
Ngakho kungani abasebenzisi bamakhompiyutha bokuqala babeyizinkampani hhayi abantu ngabanye? Kunesizathu esihle salokho. Kudala, amakhompyutha ayemakhulu kakhulu futhi ebiza. Ngawo-XNUMX, ekuqaleni kwekhompyutha yezentengiselwano, amakhompiyutha ayevame ukuba negumbi elinikezelwe futhi adinga imishini eminingi emikhulu, ekhethekile ukuze isebenze. Ukuze bathole noma yikuphi ukuphuma okuwusizo kubo, abasebenzi bakho babedinga ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma okuthile kuphuka, awukwazi ukuya esitolo se-hardware futhi uthenge enye. Eqinisweni, ukugcinwa kwamakhompuyutha amaningi kwakumba eqolo kangangokuthi iningi lezinkampani zawaqasha noma zawaqasha kubakhiqizi abafana ne-IBM ngezinkontileka zesevisi ezihlanganisa ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwamakhompyutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ucwaningo lwango-1957 “lwabasebenzisi bamakhompiyutha kagesi” (izinkampani noma izinhlangano) lwabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-17 kuphela awo anamakhompyutha awo, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-83 ayewaqashile. Lesi sikhangiso se-Burroughs sango-1953 sisho uhlu "lwabasebenzisi bekhompyutha abajwayelekile" oluhlanganisa u-Bell no-Howell, u-Philco, kanye ne-Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. Wonke lawa amagama ezinkampani nezikhungo. Esikhangisweni esifanayo, baveze ukuthi izinsiza zabo zekhompuyutha ziyatholakala "ngenkokhelo," okubonisa uhlelo lokuqasha.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uma beningabhekisela ngokuhlangene ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa amakhompiyutha, bekungeke kufaneleke ukubiza lonke iqembu ngokuthi “abanikazi bamakhompyutha”, njengoba iningi lezinkampani liqasha amathuluzi azo. Ngakho igama elithi “abasebenzisi bekhompyutha” ligcwalise leyo ndima esikhundleni salokho.
Ukuguqulwa kusuka ezinkampanini kuya kubantu ngabanye
Ngamakhompiyutha angena ngesikhathi sangempela, iminyaka yokusebenzelana nokwabelana kwesikhathi ngo-1959, incazelo yokuthi "umsebenzisi wekhompyutha" yaqala ukusuka ezinkampanini nokunye kuya kubantu ngabanye, abaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "abahleli". Ngaso leso sikhathi, amakhompyutha aduma kakhulu emanyuvesi lapho abafundi bewasebenzisa ngawodwana - ngokusobala ngaphandle kokuba ngabanikazi. Bamele igagasi elikhulu labasebenzisi abasha bekhompyutha. Amaqembu abasebenzisi bamakhompiyutha aseqala ukuvela kulo lonke elaseMelika, abelana ngamathiphu nolwazi lokuthi ungahlela kanjani noma usebenzise le mishini emisha yolwazi.
Ngesikhathi se-mainframe yama-XNUMXs nasekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX, izinhlangano zazivame ukuqasha izisebenzi ezilungisa amakhompyutha ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-opharetha wamakhompyutha (igama elaqalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1967s endabeni yezempi) noma “abaphathi bekhompyutha” (abaqala ukubonwa ngo-XNUMX phakathi nocwaningo lwethu) ababegcina amakhompyutha esebenza. Kulesi simo, "umsebenzisi wekhompuyutha" kungenzeka kube othile osebenzisa idivayisi futhi wayengeyena ngempela umnikazi noma umlawuli wekhompyutha, okwakuhlala kwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.
Lesi sikhathi sikhiqize isethi yemigomo “yomsebenzisi” ehlobene nezinhlelo zokwabelana ngesikhathi ezinamasistimu okusebenza esikhathi sangempela ahlanganisa amaphrofayela e-akhawunti awo wonke umuntu osebenzisa ikhompuyutha, okuhlanganisa i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi, i-ID yomsebenzisi, iphrofayela yomsebenzisi, abasebenzisi abaningi, nomsebenzisi wokugcina ( igama elandulela inkathi yekhompyutha kodwa ngokushesha okuhlotshaniswa nayo).
Kungani sisebenzisa ikhompuyutha?
Lapho uguquko lwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu luvela maphakathi nawo-XNUMX (futhi lwakhula ngokushesha ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX), abantu ekugcineni bakwazi ukuba nekhompyutha ngokunethezeka. Nokho, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompiyutha" laqhubeka. Esikhathini lapho izigidi zabantu zisebenzisa ikhompiyutha kungazelelwe okokuqala, ukuxhumana phakathi komuntu “nomsebenzisi wekhompyutha” kunamandla kunangaphambili.
Eqinisweni, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompiyutha" selicishe libe yindawo yokuziqhenya noma ilebula kamazisi ngesikhathi se-PC. U-Tandy waze wasebenzisa leli gama njengesihloko sikamagazini wabanikazi bamakhompyutha i-TRS-80. Amanye amajenali "Anomsebenzisi" esihlokweni afakiwe IMacUser و Umsebenzisi we-PC و Umsebenzisi we-Amstrad و Umsebenzisi we-Timex Sinclair و Umsebenzisi omncane Futhi nokuningi. Kwaqhamuka umqondo. umsebenzisi Uqinile” ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX njengomsebenzisi onolwazi ngokukhethekile ozuza kakhulu ohlelweni lwakhe lwekhompyutha.
Ekugcineni, igama elithi "umsebenzisi wekhompuyutha" cishe lizoqhubeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwalo okuvamile njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze sikhumbule esikushilo ekuqaleni, umuntu osebenzisa imoto ubizwa ngokuthi “umshayeli” ngoba eshayela imoto. Umuntu obuka ithelevishini ubizwa ngokuthi “umbukeli” ngoba ebona izinto kumabonakude. Kodwa siwasebenziselani amakhompyutha? Cishe yonke into. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza ukuthi “umsebenzisi” afaneleke kangaka, ngoba igama elijwayelekile kumuntu osebenzisa ikhompuyutha noma isofthiwe nganoma iyiphi injongo. Inqobo nje uma lokhu kunjalo, kuyohlale kunabasebenzisi bekhompyutha phakathi kwethu.
