20 mafi haɗari ƙwayoyin cuta na kowane lokaci
Kwamfuta ƙwayoyin cuta suna nufin mafarki mai ban tsoro ga kowane mai amfani da kwamfuta. Kwamfuta cutar kamar kansa ce ga kwamfutoci wanda sannu a hankali ke kashe kwamfutar mu. A cikin wannan jeri, mun ambaci ƙwayoyin cuta guda 20 da suka fi lalata kwamfuta.
Kwamfutoci guda 20 da suka fi yin barna a kowane lokaci
Kalmar “Computer Virus” tana matukar tsorata duk masu amfani da kwamfuta. Kamar yadda muka sani, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da lahani mai yawa ga kwamfutar. Yana iya cutar da sirrin waɗanda abin ya shafa, yana iya samun damar shiga fayiloli masu zaman kansu kuma yana iya lalata mahimman bayanai waɗanda suka haɗa da hotuna, bidiyo, adana kalmar sirri da sauransu. Kwamfuta ƙwayoyin cuta sun riga sun haifar da asarar kuɗi da yawa ga kamfanoni da yawa. Wani lokaci yana da kyau ka waiwaya baya ka duba kwayoyin cutar da suka haifar da barna mai yawa wadanda ka iya sa ka san kwayar cutar kwamfuta. Anan akwai ƙwayoyin cuta na kwamfuta guda 15 mafi ɓarna a kowane lokaci.
Ina son ku
Wata tsutsa ce ta kwamfuta da ta kai hari kan Windows PC sama da miliyan goma. Kwayar cutar ta fara yadawa azaman imel tare da layin taken "ILOVEYOU" da "LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs" a makale da ita. Da zarar an danna, tana da ikon tura kanta zuwa ga kowa da kowa a cikin littafin adireshi wanda aka azabtar kuma a ci gaba da rubuta fayilolin da kanta yana sa kwamfutar ba za ta iya yin aiki ba. Masu shirya shirye-shirye na Philippines guda biyu ne suka kirkiro wannan ƙwayar cuta, Reonel Ramones, da Onel de Guzman. Yankee Doodle
Yankee Doodle
An fara gano Yankee Doodle a shekara ta 1989, kuma wani dan dandatsa na Bulgaria ne ya kirkiro shi. An ce lokacin da aka kashe Yankee Doodle, kwayar cutar da kanta ta kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Yankee Doodle yana cutar da duk .com da . exe. Kwayar cutar za ta kunna sautin Yankee Doodle iri ɗaya kowace rana da ƙarfe 4 na yamma idan tana cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
nimda
An fara gano Nimda ne a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2001. Sunan kwayar cutar ya samo asali ne daga kalmar "Admin" idan aka rubuta ta baya. Nimda ta yi amfani da imel, raunin uwar garken, manyan fayiloli da aka raba, da canja wurin fayil don yada kanta. Kwayar cutar ta zama mafi yaduwa a Intanet a cikin mintuna 22. Babban manufar kwayar cutar ita ce rage saurin intanet wanda ya haifar da harin DoS.
Morris tsutsa
A cikin 1988, Robert Tappan Morris, dalibin digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Cornell, ya fitar da kwayar cutar da ta kamu da kusan kashi 10% na duk kwamfutocin da ke da alaƙa da Intanet. A lokacin an haɗa kwamfutoci dubu 60 da Intanet, kuma tsutsa ta kamu da kashi 10% daga cikinsu. Kwayar cutar tana da ikon ragewa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka har ta kai ga ba za a iya amfani da ita ba.
Conficker
Conficker wanda kuma aka sani da Downup, Downadup da Kido nau'in kwayar cuta ce ta kwamfuta wacce galibi ke yiwa tsarin Microsoft Windows hari. An fara gano cutar a watan Nuwamba 2008. Wannan kwayar cutar tana amfani da kurakurai a cikin tsarin aiki na Windows don samo kalmar sirri ta mai gudanarwa ta hare-haren ƙamus yayin ƙirƙirar botnets. Wannan kwayar cutar ta kama miliyoyin kwamfutoci da suka hada da na gwamnati da na kasuwanci da na gida a cikin kasashe sama da 190.
guguwa tsutsa
Guguwar tsutsa ita ce Trojan na baya wanda aka gano a ƙarshen 2006. Guguwar tsutsa ta zo cikin haske lokacin da masu amfani suka fara karɓar imel tare da layin magana game da bala'in yanayi na kwanan nan "An kashe 230 a lokacin hadari a Turai." Storm Worm cikin sauƙi yana yaudarar waɗanda abin ya shafa su danna kan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na karya waɗanda tuni sun kamu da cutar tare da juya kowace kwamfutar Windows zuwa botnet. Tun daga ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2007, Storm Worm ne ke da alhakin kashi 8% na duk cututtukan malware a duniya.
Skynet
Dukanmu mun san game da Terminator, Skynet kwayar cuta ce da fim ɗin The Terminator ya yi wahayi. Wata cuta ce mai kyan gaske wacce ke sanya kwamfutar wadanda abin ya shafa sannu a hankali sannan kuma ta mayar da allon kwamfutar ja ta ce “Kada ku ji tsoro. Ni kwayar cuta ce mai kyau. Na yi ayyuka da yawa a yau. Don haka, zan bar kwamfutarka ta rage gudu. Barka da rana... Wallahi. Danna maɓalli don ci gaba." Wannan ƙwayar cuta tana cutar da duk fayilolin .exe. a kan kwamfutar.
Zeus
Wannan nau'in malware ne na doki na Trojan wanda ke yaduwa ta farko ta hanyar zazzagewa da makircin yaudara. An fara gano shi a cikin Yuli 2007 lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi da farko don satar bayanai daga Sashen Sufuri na Amurka. Kwayar cutar ta Zeus tana da wahalar ganowa saboda tana amfani da wasu dabaru na sirri na musamman waɗanda ke sa ya yi wahala ga sabunta riga-kafi don gano ta. Saboda dabarun kutse, wannan malware ya zama bot mafi girma akan intanet.
halakata
A ranar 2004 ga Fabrairu, XNUMX, kusan kwamfutoci miliyan daya ne suka kamu da cutar Mydoom na musun hare-haren sabis, kuma wannan shi ne hari mafi girma da aka kai a yau. An yada cutar ta Mydoom ta imel mai dauke da saƙon rubutu “andy; Aikina kawai nake yi, ba komai na kaina, hakuri." Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya buɗe wasiku, ana zazzage lambar ƙeta ta atomatik sannan kuma ta saci cikakkun lambobin imel ɗin wanda aka azabtar. Daga nan ne ya bazu zuwa ga abokin wanda abin ya shafa, danginsa da abokan aikinsa.
SQL Slammer
SQL Slammer wata tsutsa ce mai saurin yaduwa ta kwamfuta wacce ta kamu da yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa 75000 cikin mintuna goma. SQL Slammer ya rage yawan zirga-zirgar intanet na gabaɗaya tare da rage ƙarfin intanet ɗin Koriya ta Kudu akan gwiwowinta na awanni 12. SQL Slammer galibi an yi niyya sabobin ne ta hanyar samar da adiresoshin IP na bazuwar da zubar da tsutsa zuwa waɗancan adiresoshin IP.
lambar amsa
An fara fitar da wannan kwayar cutar ne a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2001. Amma, ta kamu da kwamfutoci kusan 359000 a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2001. Daya daga cikin manyan lahani a lokacin shi ne ma’aikatan eEye Digital Security suka gano cutar tare da bincike. A cewar Symantec, “Tsarin CodeRed yana shafar Microsoft Index Server 2.0 da Sabis na Indexing na Windows 2000 akan kwamfutocin da ke tafiyar da Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 da Windows 2000, suna gudana IIS 4.0 da 5.0 sabar yanar gizo. Tsutsar tana amfani da sanannen lahani don mamaye majinin da ke ƙunshe a cikin fayil idq.dll.
Melissa
To, wannan kwayar cuta ce ta tushen macro na Microsoft Word wanda David L. Smith ya kirkira. Wannan ƙwayar cuta tana da ikon yaduwa ta saƙonnin imel. A cewar mahaliccin, ana kiran cutar ne da sunan wani dan rawa mai ban mamaki daga Florida. Idan wadanda abin ya shafa suka sauke wannan kwayar cutar ta imel, wannan na iya yaduwa zuwa mutane 50 na farko a jerin imel.
sasr
Wannan ƙwayar cuta tana kai hari ga Sabis ɗin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Local Security saboda rashin lahani da ke mamayewa. Wannan galibi yana hari tsarin aikin Windows kuma yana iya zama haɗari sosai ga mahimman abubuwan more rayuwa. Wannan kwayar cutar ta haifar da kusan biliyoyin daloli a cikin 2004.
Stuxnet
To, idan kuna tunanin kwayar cutar da ke sama ita ce mafi mahimmanci, bari in gaya muku, an gano Stuxnet ya rufe centrifuges biyar a cikin tashoshin nukiliya na Iran. An fara gano wannan ƙwayar cuta a cikin 2010 kuma galibi tana kai hari kan na'urorin kwamfuta na masana'antu.
sifa
To, Trojan ne na ransomware wanda ke yaduwa ta haɗe-haɗe na imel. Kusan kwamfutoci 500000 ne aka yi kutse tare da boye bayanansu har sai an biya kudin fansa. A cewar rahotanni daga Rantnow, "Shugaban kungiyar da ke bayan Cryptolocker, Evgeniy Bogachev, an kama shi a ƙarshe, kuma adadin kuɗin da ya kashe ya kai dala miliyan 3."
kawar da cutar
Klez Virus ya fara shiga duniyar dijital a ƙarshen 2001. Wannan ƙwayar cuta tana cutar da kwamfutar wanda aka azabtar ta hanyar saƙon imel, ta maimaita kanta sannan ta aika da kanta ga mutanen da ke cikin littafin adireshin imel. A cikin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, an gano ƙwayar Klez tana aiki azaman ƙwayar cuta ta al'ada. Koyaya, wannan ƙwayar cuta tana iya kashe tsarin riga-kafi da aka sanya akan kwamfutar wanda aka azabtar.
Daga baya masu satar bayanai sun gyara kwayar cutar Klez don yin tasiri sosai. An tsara kwayar cutar don yin lalata da mutane tare da saƙon imel da yawa suna toshe akwatin saƙon saƙon shiga ba da daɗewa ba.
netsky virus
To, wannan kwayar cutar ta yadu ta hanyar imel da cibiyoyin sadarwar Windows. Kwayar cutar Netsky tana zubar da adiresoshin imel kuma tana yaduwa ta hanyar haɗin fayil 22-byte. Bayan yada kanta, yana iya haifar da harin DoS (Kin Sabis). Bayan yin wani hari, tsarin ya rushe yayin ƙoƙarin magance yawan zirga-zirgar Intanet.
tsalle a
Leap-A wanda kuma aka sani da Oompa-A ya fara bayyana a cikin 2006. Kwayar cutar Leap-A ta yi niyya ga tsarin Mac kuma ta yi amfani da aikace-aikacen aika saƙon nan take iChat don yaduwa a cikin kwamfutocin Mac masu rauni. Bayan kamuwa da kwamfutar Mac, kwayar cutar ta yada zuwa duk lambobin sadarwa na iChat kuma ta aika da sako ga kowa da kowa.
Sakon da kwayar cutar ke aikawa ya ƙunshi gurbatacciyar fayil mai kama da hoton JPEG. Wannan gurɓataccen fayil ɗin ya lalata kwamfutocin Mac da yawa kuma anan ne Leap-A ya shahara.
slammer
To, wannan nau’in kwayar cuta ce da muke yawan gani a fina-finan da suka shafi fasaha. To, wannan ƙwayar cuta babban misali ne na harin "ƙin sabis". Kwayar cutar tana da ƙarfi sosai don saukar da tsarin gaba ɗaya. An kwatanta tsananin Slammer ta rahotannin wasu munanan hadurruka da aka taɓa gani: sabis na gaggawa na 911 ya ragu, cibiyar sadarwar ATM ta Bankin Amurka da ƙari.
Pikachu
To, a shekara ta 2000, an fito da kwayar cutar kwamfuta ta farko da ta yi wa yara hari, wadda aka fi sani da Pikachu Virus. An tsara kwayar cutar azaman imel na ainihi wanda ya haɗa da halin Pokémon, Pikachu. Imel ɗin yana ɗaukar hoto na Pokemon, amma tare da waɗannan hotuna, yaran da ba a san su ba sun ƙaddamar da shirin Visual Basic 6 mai suna pikachupokemon.exe wanda ya cire abubuwan da ke cikin kundayen adireshi.
Ko da ba ƙwararriyar kwamfuta ba ce, za ka iya kare kanka daga ƙwayoyin cuta da tsutsotsi kafin su isa na'urarka. Ga wasu shawarwari da zaku iya bi:
- Sanya riga-kafi na zamani kuma a duba kwamfutarka
- Kar a buɗe imel daga kafofin waje, kuma kar a buɗe hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo.
- Bada Windows don Sabuntawa, kuma yawancin Sabuntawar Windows suna kawo wasu sabuntawar tsaro waɗanda zasu iya gyara kurakurai a cikin PC ɗin ku
- Kar a zazzage software daga tushe marasa amana.
