Kodi mawu oti “wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta” anachokera kuti?
Timagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti “wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta” pafupipafupi, koma ndi anthu ambiri omwe amagula makompyuta, bwanji osanena kuti “mwini kompyuta” kapena “makasitomala apakompyuta” kapena zina? Tinafufuza mbiri yakale ndipo tidapeza zomwe sitinkayembekezera.
Chochitika chachilendo cha "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta"
Mawu oti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" amamveka ngati osazolowereka ngati muyima ndikuganizira. Tikagula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto, timakhala “eni galimoto” kapena “oyendetsa galimoto,” osati “ogwiritsa ntchito galimoto.” Tikamagwiritsa ntchito nyundo, sititchedwa "ogwiritsa ntchito nyundo". Tangoganizani kugula kabuku ka momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito macheka otchedwa "A Guide for Chainsaw Users". Zingakhale zomveka, koma zikumveka zachilendo.
Komabe, tikamafotokoza za anthu amene amayendetsa makompyuta kapena pulogalamu inayake, nthawi zambiri timatchula anthu kuti “ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta” kapena “ogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a pakompyuta.” Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Twitter ndi "ogwiritsa ntchito Twitter," ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi umembala wa eBay ndi "ogwiritsa ntchito eBay."
Anthu ena posachedwapa alakwitsa kusokoneza mawuwa ndi "wogwiritsa" mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Popanda mbiri yomveka bwino ya mawu oti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" omwe akupezekabe, chisokonezochi sizosadabwitsa munthawi ino pomwe ambiri amadzudzula malo ochezera a pa Intaneti chifukwa cha zomwe amakonda. Koma mawu oti "wogwiritsa" pokhudzana ndi makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu alibe chochita ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo adawuka payekha. Tiyeni tiwone mbiri ya mawuwa kuti tiwone momwe idayambira.
Gwiritsani ntchito machitidwe a anthu ena
Mawu akuti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" m'lingaliro lamakono amachokera ku XNUMXs - mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya makompyuta amalonda. Kuti tidziwe komwe ndinayambira, tinafufuza zolemba zakale zamakompyuta Zosungidwa pa intaneti Ndipo tidapeza chinthu chosangalatsa: Pakati pa 1953 ndi 1958-1959, mawu oti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza kampani kapena bungwe, osati munthu payekha.
Zodabwitsa! Oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta sanali anthu nkomwe.
Kudzera mu kafukufuku wathu, tidapeza kuti mawu oti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" adawonekera cha m'ma 1953, ndi Chitsanzo choyamba chodziwika M’nkhani ya Computers and Automation (Volume 2 Issue 9), yomwe inali magazini yoyamba ya makampani apakompyuta. Mawuwa adakhalabe osowa mpaka cha m'ma 1957, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kunawonjezeka pamene makonzedwe apakompyuta akuwonjezeka.
Nanga n’cifukwa ciani oyambilila ogwilitsila nchito makompyuta anali makampani osati anthu? Pali chifukwa chabwino chochitira zimenezo. Kalekale, makompyuta anali aakulu kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo. M’zaka za m’ma XNUMX, kuchiyambiyambi kwa makompyuta a zamalonda, makompyuta kaŵirikaŵiri anali kukhala m’chipinda chodzipatulira ndipo anafunikira zipangizo zambiri zazikulu, zapadera kuti zigwire ntchito. Kuti mupeze phindu lililonse kuchokera kwa iwo, antchito anu amafunikira maphunziro apamwamba. Komanso, ngati chinachake chikusweka, simungakhoze kupita ku sitolo ya hardware ndi kugula m'malo. M'malo mwake, kukonza makompyuta ambiri kunali kodula kwambiri kotero kuti makampani ambiri adabwereka kapena kuwabwereketsa kuchokera kwa opanga ngati IBM ndi mapangano autumiki omwe amakhudza kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza makompyuta pakapita nthawi.
Kufufuza kwa 1957 kwa “ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta” (makampani kapena mabungwe) kunasonyeza kuti 17 peresenti yokha ya iwo anali ndi makompyuta awoawo, poyerekeza ndi 83 peresenti amene anawabwereka. Malonda awa a 1953 Burroughs amatanthauza mndandanda wa "ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" omwe akuphatikizapo Bell ndi Howell, Philco, ndi Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. Awa onse ndi mayina amakampani ndi mabungwe. Mu malonda omwewo, adanenanso kuti makompyuta awo amapezeka "ndalama," kusonyeza makonzedwe obwereketsa.
Panthawi imeneyi, ngati mutatchula pamodzi makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, sikungakhale koyenera kutchula gulu lonse kuti "eni makompyuta", popeza makampani ambiri adabwereka zipangizo zawo. Chifukwa chake mawu oti "ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" adakwaniritsa udindowo m'malo mwake.
Kusintha kuchokera kumakampani kupita kwa anthu
Ndi makompyuta omwe amalowa mu nthawi yeniyeni, zaka zogwirizanitsa ndi kugawana nthawi mu 1959, tanthauzo la "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" linayamba kuchoka ku makampani ndi zina kwa anthu, omwe adayambanso kutchedwa "opanga mapulogalamu". Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, makompyuta adadziwika kwambiri m'mayunivesite momwe ophunzira amawagwiritsa ntchito payekhapayekha - mwachiwonekere popanda kukhala nawo. Iwo ankaimira funde lalikulu la atsopano makompyuta. Magulu ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta ayamba kuonekera ku America konse, akugawana maupangiri ndi chidziwitso chamomwe angapangire kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina atsopanowa.
M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, mabungwe ankalemba ganyu ogwira ntchito yokonza makompyuta omwe amadziwika kuti. othandizira makompyuta (mawu omwe adachokera ku 1967s muzochitika zankhondo) kapena "oyang'anira makompyuta" (oyamba kuwonedwa mu XNUMX panthawi ya kafukufuku wathu) omwe amasunga makompyuta. Munthawi imeneyi, "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" akhoza kukhala wina yemwe akugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho ndipo sanali kwenikweni mwini kapena woyang'anira kompyutayo, zomwe zinali choncho nthawi zonse.
Nthawiyi idatulutsa mawu oti "ogwiritsa ntchito" okhudzana ndi machitidwe ogawana nthawi okhala ndi machitidwe enieni omwe amaphatikiza mbiri ya akaunti ya aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta, kuphatikiza akaunti ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ID ya ogwiritsa ntchito, mbiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito angapo, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto ( mawu omwe adakhalapo kale pakompyuta koma mwachangu zomwe zimagwirizana nawo).
N'chifukwa chiyani timagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta?
Pamene kusintha kwa makompyuta kunayamba pakati pa zaka za m'ma XNUMX (ndikukula mofulumira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX), anthu adatha kukhala ndi makompyuta momasuka. Komabe, mawu akuti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" adapitilirabe. M’nthawi imene anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta mwadzidzidzi kwa nthawi yoyamba, kugwirizana pakati pa munthu ndi “wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta” n’kolimba kuposa kale lonse.
M'malo mwake, mawu oti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" atsala pang'ono kukhala chinthu chonyadira kapena chizindikiro pa nthawi ya PC. Tandy anatengera mawuwa ngati mutu wa magazini kwa eni ake apakompyuta a TRS-80. Magazini ena omwe ali ndi "Wogwiritsa" pamutu adaphatikizansopo MacUser و Wogwiritsa ntchito PC و Wogwiritsa ntchito Amstrad و Wogwiritsa ntchito Timex Sinclair و The MicroUser Ndipo zambiri. Lingaliro linabwera. wosuta Wamphamvu” m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX monga munthu wodziwa zambiri amene amapindula kwambiri ndi makompyuta ake.
Pamapeto pake, mawu oti "wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta" apitilirabe chifukwa chothandiza kwambiri ngati chinthu chokulirapo. Kuti tikumbukire zimene tatchula poyamba paja, munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito galimoto amatchedwa “dalaivala” chifukwa ndi amene akuyendetsa galimotoyo. Munthu amene amaonera TV amatchedwa “woonerera” chifukwa amaona zinthu pa TV. Koma kodi timagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pa chiyani? Pafupifupi chirichonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe "wogwiritsa ntchito" ali woyenera, chifukwa ndi mawu odziwika kwa munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kapena mapulogalamu pazifukwa zilizonse. Malingana ngati zili choncho, nthawi zonse padzakhala anthu ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pakati pathu.
