Ii -apps ze-Android ziyakuhlola - kwaye akukho ndlela ilula yokuzinqanda.
Iingxaki zokhuseleko lwe-Android azidingi kuziswa, kodwa esinye isoyikiso esingakhange sifumane isabelo saso esifanelekileyo sokwazisa sinxulumene ne-spyware kunye ne-stalkerware apps. Ezi apps zinokufakelwa ngokufihlakeleyo kwifowuni yexhoba esweni umsebenzi wabo kwaye zingaxhatshazwa ukuhlukumeza amaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya kwaye bazibandakanye kwi-intanethi. Yonke into efunekayo umntu kukufikelela ngokwasemzimbeni kwifowuni yexhoba ukufaka ezi apps, akunzima kakhulu kumatyala obundlobongela basekhaya.
Yibize ngoguqulelo oluxhaswa yi-app ye Ukuzingela kwe-AirTag , kodwa kwi-steroids, kuba ezi zixhobo ze-spyware zingaba yonke into equka imiyalezo, ii-call logs, ii-imeyile, iifoto, kunye neevidiyo. Abanye banokuvula imakrofoni kunye nekhamera, kwaye bathumele ngokufihlakeleyo ezi rekhodi kwiseva ekude apho umxhaphazi anokufikelela kuyo. Kuba imigaqo-nkqubo kaGoogle yoDlalo ayivumeli usetyenziso lwe-stalking, ezi apps zithengiswa ngewebhusayithi yomntu wesithathu kwaye kufuneka uzikhuphele ecaleni.
Nangona inzulu, imeko yenziwa mandundu ngakumbi kukungabikho kweendlela zokuzikhusela kwiifowuni Android , ngakumbi kubantu abangekho ngokukodwa i-tech-savvy. Ngaba umzamo wam wophando Intsebenziswano yam, ekhokelwa ngu-Alex Liu weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, yafunda ii-apps ze-stalkerware ze-14 ezifumaneka ngokulula kwiiwebhusayithi zeqela lesithathu - kwaye zifumene zilayishwe ngezinto ezinokuthi ziphazamise.
Uluhlu lomonakalo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili
Ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zabo ezisisiseko, ezi apps ziye zafikelela kumangeno ekhalenda, iinkuni zokufowuna, amangenelo ebhodi eqhotyoshwayo, abafowunelwa, ulwazi olutsalwe kwezinye ii-apps ezifakwe kwifowuni yexhoba, iinkcukacha zendawo, ulwazi lwenethiwekhi, iinkcukacha zefowuni, imiyalezo, kunye neefayile zemidiya.
Uninzi lwezi apps zikwazile ukufikelela ngokufihlakeleyo kwifidi yekhamera kunye ne-microphone ukubamba i-multimedia, ukuthatha izikrini ngomyalelo okude kunye nokufikelela kwidatha ekhuselweyo. Kodwa apha akuphelelanga apho ibali eloyikisayo.
Ishumi elinanye lee-apps ezifundiweyo zizame ukufihla inkqubo yokukhupha, ngelixa i-spyware nganye ye-spyware yeza i-hard-coded kunye nomsebenzi othi "hardcore" owabavumela ukuba baqale ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokuqalisa kwakhona okanye emva kokuba imemori isusiwe yinkqubo ye-Android. Ezi apps ziyaziwa ngokukhubaza i-Force Stop kunye namaqhosha okuKhuphayo kwezinye iimeko.
Umntu unokucinga ukuba ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwisiqalisi se-app kuya kwazisa ixhoba malunga naluphi na usetyenziso olukrokrelayo olufakwe kwiifowuni zabo. Kodwa eli lungelo alifumaneki ngenene kumaxhoba ezi apps zespyware, ezinokubiza naphi na ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-100 yeedola kunye nemodeli yorhumo.
Ukufihlwa, ukuguqulwa kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo
U-Liu, umbhali ophambili wephepha, uxelele i-Digital Trends kudliwanondlebe ukuba uninzi lwezi apps zizama ukufihla okanye ukusebenzisa amagama “amsulwa” kunye neempawu zokuthintela ukurhanelwa. Umzekelo, i-11 kwezili-14 ze-spyware ze-spyware zizame ukuzifihla kwindawo ecacileyo phantsi kwe-apps enamagama afana ne-"Wi-Fi," "Inkonzo ye-Intanethi," kunye ne-"SyncServices," egcwele iimpawu zenkqubo ekholelekayo ukunceda ukuphepha nakuphi na ukukrokra.
Ekubeni ezi ziinkonzo eziyimfuneko kwifowuni, abasebenzisi abaninzi abayi kufuna ukujongana nabo ngenxa yokoyika ukuba iya kwaphula iinkqubo ezihambelanayo kwiifowuni zabo. Kodwa kukho okungakumbi kwisisongelo apha. “Siphinde sabona iimeko eziphambili apho eziapps zikwazi ukufihla kwiscreen seapp okanye isiqalisi seapp,” utshilo uLiu.
Ezinye zezi apps ngenkuthalo wazama ukufihla i icon app emva kokuba efakiweyo ukuze ixhoba soze uqikelele ukuba esweni software esebenzayo kwifowuni yabo. Ngaphaya koko, uninzi lwezi apps, nangona zisebenza ngasemva kwaye zisebenzisa kakubi inkqubo yemvume ye-Android, azibonakali kwiscreen seapps zamva nje.
"Ukuba awuyiboni, uyazi njani?"
IiTrendi zeDijithali zibuze uLiu ukuba ngaba ezi spyware zisebenza ngokufihlakeleyo ngasemva, ziqokelela ulwazi olunobuntununtunu, zinokuvela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba zicocekile zokusebenza ezicebisa abasebenzisi ukuba bakhuphe ii -apps abangakhange bazisebenzise ixeshana. U-Liu, ozakuthi thaca iziphumo kwinkomfa ezoba seZurich kweli hlobo, uthi iqela alikhange liyiphonononge le nto.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho amathuba amancinci okuba ezi zixhobo zokucoca zokugcina ziya kuphawula i-spyware apps njengengafunekiyo kuba ezi apps zihlala zisebenza ngasemva kwaye aziyi kuphawulwa njengengasebenziyo. Kodwa ubukrelekrele obusetyenziswa zezinye zezi zixhobo zizinto zamaphupha amabi abucala.
Umtyibilizi, unobungozi, kwaye uyavuza kakhulu
Xa uvula ikhamera kuyo nayiphi na i-app, uya kubona umboniso wento ephambi kwekhamera. Ezinye zezi apps zicutha ubungakanani be-preview ukuya kwi-1 x 1 pixel okanye zenze umboniso wangaphambili ubonakale, kwenze ukuba kube nzima ukubona ukuba i-app elandelanayo irekhoda ividiyo okanye ithumela umbono ophilayo kwiseva ekude.
Ezinye zezi azibonisi mboniso wangaphambili, thatha ividiyo ngokuthe ngqo kwaye uyigqithise ngokufihlakeleyo. Olunye usetyenziso olunjalo, olubizwa ngokuba yiSpy24, isebenzisa inkqubo yebrawuza eyimfihlo ukusasaza umfanekiso wekhamera enesisombululo esipheleleyo. Iifowuni kunye nokurekhoda okurekhodiweyo yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwezi apps.
Usetyenziso olufundiweyo lwe-stalkerware lukwafunyanwe ukusebenzisa kakubi useto lofikelelo kwi-Android. Umzekelo, abasebenzisi abangaboni kakuhle okanye abangeva kakuhle bacela ifowuni ukuba ifunde imixholo ekwisikrini. Ukuba sesichengeni kuvumela ezi apps ukuba zifunde isiqulatho kwezinye ii-apps ezisebenza kwiscreen, zikhuphe idatha kwizaziso, kwaye zide zigqithe isiqhumiso sokufunda.
Usetyenziso lwespyware luxhaphaza ngakumbi inkqubo yofikelelo lokugawulwa kweqhosha lokungena, eyindlela eqhelekileyo yokubiwa kweenkcukacha ezibuthathaka ezifana neempawu zokungena kwizipaji kunye neenkqubo zebhanki. Ezinye zeapps ezifundwe zixhomekeke kwinkqubo yeSMS, ebandakanya umlingisi ombi othumela iSMS ukuze kusebenze imisebenzi ethile.
Kodwa kwiimeko ezimbalwa, ne-SMS yokuvula yayingafuneki ukwenza umsebenzi. I-app enye (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Sapppp) iyakwazi ukucima ukude yonke idatha kwifowuni yexhoba usebenzisa i-SMS nje. I-hacker inokwenza i-spam kunye neendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zeephasikhodi ukwenza oko, nangaphandle kolwazi lomhlaseli, okwandisa umngcipheko.
Ngelixa izicelo zespyware ezifumaneka ngokulula ziyingozi ngokwazo, enye inkalo exhalabisayo lukhuseleko lwabo olulambathayo xa kufikwa ekugcineni iinkcukacha zobuqu ezibiweyo. Iqela elisempilweni yezi apps lisasaze idatha ngoqhagamshelo lwe-HTTP olungafihlwanga, okuthetha ukuba umdlali ongalunganga unokumamela inethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi kwaye afikelele kuyo yonke.
Amathandathu e-apps agcinwe yonke imidiya ebiweyo kwii-URL zoluntu, kunye namanani angaqhelekanga anikezelwe kwiipakethi zedatha. I-hacker inokudlala ngala manani angaqhelekanga ukuba idatha ehambelana neakhawunti enye kuphela, kodwa iiakhawunti ezininzi zisasazeke kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola amaxhoba angaqhelekanga. Kwezinye iimeko, iiseva zesicelo se-spyware ziyaqhubeka nokuqokelela idatha nasemva kokuba ilayisenisi yokubhalisa iphelelwe lixesha.
Ungenzani?
Ke, unokusebenzisa njani umsebenzisi i-smartphone Yesiqhelo ukuphepha ukuba lixhoba elilandelayo kwezi zicelo ispyware? U-Liu uthi oko kuya kufuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo kuba i-Android ayinayo inkqubo ezenzekelayo yokukulumkisa malunga ne-spyware apps. U-Liu ugxininisa ukuba "akukho ndlela iqinisekileyo yokwazi ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngefowuni yakho."
Nangona kunjalo, unokukhangela iimpawu ezithile. “Ezi apps zihlala zisebenza ngasemva, ke uya kudibana nokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ephezulu ngokungaqhelekanga,” utshilo uLiu. "Yiloo ndlela uyazi ukuba kukho into engalunganga." U-Liu ukwaqaqambisa inkqubo yesilumkiso senzwa ye-Android, ngoku ebonisa i-icon phezulu xa ikhamera okanye imakrofoni isetyenziswa lusetyenziso.
ULiu, onePh.D. Umfundi kwisebe lesayensi yekhompyutha yeyunivesithi, uthi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yakho yeselula ngequbuliso spikes, oko kwakhona umqondiso ukuba kukho into engalunganga kuba ezi apps spyware rhoqo ukuthumela iipakethe ezinkulu data, kuquka iifayile eendaba, logs email, njalo njalo. . iseva ekude.
Enye indlela yobudenge yokufumana ezi zixhobo zikrokrelayo, ngakumbi ezo zifihlakele kwisiqalisi sosetyenziso, kukujonga uluhlu lwazo zonke ii-apps ezifakwe kwifowuni yakho ngaphakathi kweSeto losetyenziso. Ukuba ubona naziphi na ii-apps ezibonakala zikrokra, kuyavakala ukuzisusa. “Kufuneka uphonononge isicelo ngasinye kwaye ubone ukuba uyahambelana na naso. Esi sesona sisombululo kuba akukho app inokufihla apho, ”uyongeza uLiu.
Okokugqibela, nawe unayo ideshibhodi yabucala, leyo Uphawu lwaziswa kwi-Android 12 , ekuvumela ukuba ubone zonke iimvume ezinikezelwe kwi-app nganye. Kubasebenzisi abakhathalela ubumfihlo, bayacetyiswa ukuba barhoxise iimvume abacinga ukuba usetyenziso oluthile akufuneki lube nalo kwasekuqaleni. Iphaneli yokuseta ekhawulezayo, enokufikelelwa ngokuswayipha phantsi ukusuka kumda ophezulu, ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhubaza imakrofoni kunye nokufikelela kwekhamera ukuba nayiphi na iapp isebenzisa ezi mvume ngasemva.
“Ekupheleni kosuku, ufuna ubuchwephesha obuthile,” uqukumbela ngelitshoyo uLiu. Le ayisiyiyo indlela imeko ekufuneka ibe ngayo kumakhulu ezigidi zabasebenzisi be-smartphone be-Android. U-Liu kunye neqela lonke emva kwephepha linoluhlu lwezikhokelo kunye neengcebiso zeGoogle zokuqinisekisa okuI-AndroidIbonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko kubasebenzisi ngokuchasene nezi zicelo zespyware.
