Amagciwane angama-20 ayingozi kakhulu kunabo bonke
Amagciwane ekhompyutha asho iphupho elibi kuwo wonke umsebenzisi wekhompyutha. Igciwane lekhompyutha lifana nomdlavuza wamakhompyutha obulala kancane ikhompyutha yethu. Kulolu hlu, sikhulume ngamagciwane angama-20 abhubhisa kakhulu amakhompyutha.
Ama-virus angama-20 abhubhisa kakhulu kunabo bonke
Igama elithi “Computer Virus” liyabethusa ngempela bonke abasebenzisi bamakhompyutha. Njengoba sonke sazi, amagciwane angabangela umonakalo omkhulu kukhompyutha. Ingalimaza ubumfihlo bezisulu, ingafinyelela amafayela ayimfihlo futhi ingonakalisa idatha ebalulekile ehlanganisa izithombe, amavidiyo, amaphasiwedi agciniwe, njll. Amagciwane ekhompyutha asevele abangela ukulahlekelwa okuningi kwezimali ezinkampanini eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuwumqondo omuhle ukubheka emuva futhi ubheke amagciwane adale umonakalo omkhulu angakwenza uqaphele amagciwane ekhompyutha. Nawa amagciwane ekhompyutha angu-15 abhubhisa kakhulu kunabo bonke.
Ngiyakuthanda
Isibungu sekhompyutha esihlasele ama-Windows PC angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi. Leli gciwane laqala ukusabalala njenge-imeyili enomugqa wesihloko othi “ILOVEYOU” kanye no-“LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs” enamathiselwe kulo. Uma isichofoziwe, inamandla okuziqondisa kabusha kuwo wonke umuntu osebhukwini lamakheli lesisulu bese iqhubeka nokubhala phezu kwamafayela ngokwawo okwenza ikhompuyutha ingavuleki. Leli gciwane ladalwa abahleli bezinhlelo ababili base-Filipino, u-Reonel Ramones, no-Onel de Guzman. Yankee Doodle
Yankee Doodle
I-Yankee Doodle yatholwa okokuqala ngo-1989, futhi yadalwa umgebenga waseBulgaria. Kuthiwa ngesikhathi i-Yankee Doodle ibulawa, igciwane ngokwalo liba khona enkumbulweni. I-Yankee Doodle ithelela konke okuthi .com kanye . exe. Igciwane lizodlala ingoma efanayo ye-Yankee Doodle nsuku zonke ngo-4 p.m. uma lisesikhumbuzweni.
ngimda
I-Nimda yaqala ukutholakala ngoSepthemba 18, 2001. Igama laleli gciwane lisuselwa egameni elithi "Admin" uma libhalwe emuva. I-Nimda isebenzise ama-imeyili, ukuba sengozini kweseva, amafolda okwabelwana ngawo, nokudluliswa kwamafayela ukuze izisakaze. Leli gciwane libe lisabalale kakhulu ku-inthanethi phakathi nemizuzu engama-22. Inhloso eyinhloko yaleli gciwane kwakuwukunciphisa kakhulu i-inthanethi okubangele ukuhlasela kwe-DoS.
Isibungu sikaMorris
Ngo-1988, uRobert Tappan Morris, umfundi oneziqu e-Cornell University, wakhipha igciwane elathelela cishe u-10% wawo wonke amakhompyutha ayexhunywe ku-inthanethi. Ngaleso sikhathi amakhompiyutha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60 ayexhunywe ku-inthanethi, futhi isibungu sangena ku-10% wawo. Igciwane lalinamandla okwehlisa ijubane ikhompuyutha kuze kube yilapho lenziwe yaba njengengasebenziseki.
I-Conficker
I-Conficker eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Downup, i-Downadup ne-Kido iwuhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elivame ukukhomba isistimu yokusebenza ye-Microsoft Windows. Igciwane lahlonzwa okokuqala ngoNovemba 2008. Leli gciwane lisebenzisa amaphutha ohlelweni lokusebenza lweWindows ukuze lilande iphasiwedi yomphathi ngokuhlaselwa kwesichazamazwi ngenkathi lenza ama-botnet. Leli gciwane selithelele izigidi zamakhompyutha okuhlanganisa uhulumeni, ezentengiselwano namakhompyutha asekhaya emazweni angaphezu kuka-190.
storm worm
I-Storm Worm iyiThrojani engemuva eyahlonzwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2006. Isibungu sesiphepho sagqama lapho abasebenzisi beqala ukuthola ama-imeyili anesihloko esimayelana nenhlekelele yesimo sezulu yakamuva "abangu-230 abashonile ngesikhathi kunesiphepho e-Europe." I-Storm Worm ikhohlisa kalula izisulu ukuthi zichofoze izixhumanisi mbumbulu esezivele zinegciwane futhi ziguqule noma iyiphi ikhompyutha ye-Windows ibe yibhothi. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 22, 2007, iStorm Worm yabangela u-8% wazo zonke izifo eziwuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Skynet
Sonke siyazi nge-Terminator, i-Skynet igciwane eliphefumulelwe ifilimu ethi The Terminator. Igciwane elihle elenza ikhompuyutha yezisulu ingasheshi futhi liphendule isikrini sekhompyutha sibe bomvu bese lithi "Ungesabi. Ngiyigciwane elihle kakhulu. Ngenze umsebenzi omningi namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ngizovumela ikhompuyutha yakho ukuthi ihambe kancane. Ube nosuku oluhle... Bye. Cindezela ukhiye ukuze uqhubeke.” Leli gciwane lingena kuwo wonke amafayela e-.exe. kukhompuyutha.
Zeus
Lolu uhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ye-Trojan horse olusabalala ngokuyinhloko ngokulanda okushayelwa ukushayela nezikimu zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi. Yaqala ukuhlonzwa ngo-Julayi 2007 lapho isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukweba imininingwane evela eMnyangweni Wezokuthutha wase-US. Kunzima ukulibona igciwane leZeus ngoba lisebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile zokufihla ezenza kube nzima nge-antivirus ethuthukisiwe ukulibona. Ngenxa yezindlela zayo zokungena, lolu hlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha seluphenduke i-bot enkulu kakhulu ku-inthanethi.
ukubhubha kwami
Ngomhla zi-2004 kuNhlolanja wezi-XNUMX, amakhompyutha acishe abe yisigidi angenwe yi-Mydoom yokuphikwa kokuhlaselwa kwesevisi, futhi lokhu kwaba ukuhlasela okukhulu kunakho konke kuze kube manje. Igciwane leMydoom lisatshalaliswe nge-imeyili equkethe umyalezo othi “andy; Ngenza umsebenzi wami nje, akukho okuqondene nami, ngiyaxolisa." Lapho isisulu sivula imeyili, ikhodi enonya ilayishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo bese intshontsha oxhumana nabo be-imeyili abaphelele. Isuka lapho isabalele kumngani kamufi, izihlobo nozakwabo.
I-SQL Slammer
I-SQL Slammer iyisibungu sekhompyutha esisakazeka ngokushesha esithelele iningi lezisulu zalo ezingu-75000 phakathi nemizuzu eyishumi. I-SQL Slammer yehlise kakhulu ukugcwala kwe-inthanethi okuvamile futhi yehlisa umthamo we-inthanethi yaseNingizimu Korea emadolweni ayo amahora angu-12. I-SQL Slammer iqondise amaseva ngokuyinhloko ngokukhiqiza amakheli e-IP angahleliwe futhi ilahle isibungu kulawo makheli e-IP.
ikhodi yokuphendula
Leli gciwane laqala ukukhishwa ngo-July 13, 2001. Kodwa-ke, lase lingene kumakhompyutha acishe abe ngu-359000 ngoJulayi 19, 2001. Obunye ubungozi obukhulu ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi leli gciwane latholwa futhi lacwaningwa ngabasebenzi be-eEye Digital Security. Ngokusho kwe-Symantec, “I-CodeRed worm ithinta i-Microsoft Index Server 2.0 kanye ne-Windows 2000 Indexing Service kumakhompyutha asebenzisa i-Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 ne-Windows 2000, esebenzisa i-IIS 4.0 kanye namaseva ewebhu angu-5.0. Isikelemu sisebenzisa ukuba sengozini okwaziwayo ukuze kweqe isigcinalwazi kufayela le-idq.dll.
UMelissa
Hhayi-ke, leli yigciwane elisuselwa ku-Microsoft Word macro eyenziwe nguDavid L. Smith. Leli gciwane belinamandla okusabalalisa ngemiyalezo ye-imeyili. Ngokusho komdali, leli gciwane liqanjwe ngomdansi wangaphandle waseFlorida. Uma izisulu landa leli gciwane nge-imeyili, lokhu kungasakazekela kubantu bokuqala abangama-50 ohlwini lwama-imeyili.
sassr
Leli gciwane lihlasela Isevisi Yesistimu Engaphansi Yesiphathimandla Sendawo Yezokuphepha ngenxa yokuba sengozini kokuchichima kwebhafa. Lokhu kuqondise kakhulu ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Windows futhi kungaba yingozi enkulu engqalasizinda ebalulekile. Leli gciwane ladala umonakalo ocishe ube izigidigidi zamaRandi ngo-2004.
I-Stuxnet
Hhayi-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi leli gciwane elingenhla libaluleke kakhulu, ake ngikutshele, iStuxnet kutholakale ukuthi ivale ama-centrifuge amahlanu ezikhungweni zamandla enyukliya e-Iran. Leli gciwane laqala ukuhlonzwa ngo-2010 futhi liqondise kakhulu izinhlelo zamakhompyutha ezimboni.
i-cipher
Hhayi-ke, iyi-Trojan ye-ransomware esabalala ngokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili. Cishe amakhompyutha angu-500000 agqekeziwe futhi amafayela awo abethelwa kuze kube yilapho inani lesihlengo selikhokhiwe. Ngokusho kwemibiko evela ku-Rantnow, "Umholi weqembu elilandela i-Cryptolocker, u-Evgeniy Bogachev, wagcina eboshiwe, futhi izindleko zobugebengu bakhe zazingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-3."
susa igciwane
I-Klez Virus ingena ezweni ledijithali ngasekupheleni kuka-2001. Leli gciwane lithelela ikhompuyutha yesisulu ngomyalezo we-imeyili, liyaziphindaphinda bese lizithumela kubantu abasencwadini yamakheli e-imeyili. Ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe, igciwane le-Klez litholakale lisebenza njengegciwane elivamile. Nokho, leli gciwane liyakwazi ukukhubaza uhlelo lwe-antivirus olufakwe kukhompyutha yesisulu.
Kamuva abagebengu balungisa igciwane le-Klez ukuze lisebenze kangcono. Leli gciwane lihlelelwe ukuthi lifake ugaxekile kubantu abanama-imeyili amaningi avimbe ibhokisi labo lokungenayo ngokushesha.
igciwane le-netsky
Nokho, leli gciwane lisabalale ngama-imeyili namanethiwekhi e-Windows. Igciwane le-Netsky lixhaphaza amakheli e-imeyili futhi lisakazeka ngokunamathiselwe kwefayela le-22-byte. Ngemva kokuzisakaza, kungabangela ukuhlaselwa kwe-DoS (Denial of Service). Ngemuva kokuhlasela, isistimu iyaphahlazeka ngenkathi izama ukubhekana nenani lethrafikhi ye-inthanethi.
gxuma a
I-Leap-A eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Oompa-A yaqala ukuvela ngo-2006. Igciwane le-Leap-A laliqondise kumasistimu e-Mac futhi lasebenzisa uhlelo lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo i-iChat ukuze lisabalale kuwo wonke amakhompyutha e-Mac asengozini. Ngemva kokuthelela ikhompuyutha ye-Mac, leli gciwane lasakazekela kubo bonke oxhumana nabo be-iChat futhi lathumela umlayezo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Umlayezo othunyelwa yigciwane uqukethe ifayela elonakele elifana nesithombe se-JPEG. Leli fayela lonakele licekele phansi amakhompuyutha amaningi e-Mac futhi kulapho iLeap-A yaduma khona.
slammer
Nokho, lolu uhlobo lwegciwane esivame ukulibona kumafilimu ahlobene nobuchwepheshe. Hhayi-ke, leli gciwane liyisibonelo esihle sokuhlaselwa “kokwenqatshelwa kwenkonzo”. Igciwane linamandla ngokwanele ukwehlisela phansi lonke uhlelo. Ukuqina kwe-Slammer kuboniswa imibiko yokunye ukuphahlazeka okubi kakhulu okwake kwabonwa: isevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo engu-911 phansi, ukuphahlazeka kwenethiwekhi ye-ATM yaseBank of America nokunye.
Pikachu
Nokho, ngo-2000, igciwane lokuqala lekhompyutha eliqondiswe ezinganeni, elaziwa ngokuthi i-Pikachu Virus, lakhululwa. Igciwane lenziwe njenge-imeyili yangempela ehlanganisa umlingiswa we-Pokémon, u-Pikachu. I-imeyili ibiphethe isithombe se-Pokemon, kodwa ngalezo zithombe, izingane ezingalindelekile zasungula uhlelo lwe-Visual Basic 6 olubizwa ngokuthi pikachupokemon.exe olususe okuqukethwe yizinkomba.
Ngisho noma ungeyena uchwepheshe wekhompyutha, ungazivikela kumagciwane nezikelemu ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ocingweni lwakho. Nawa amathiphu ongawalandela:
- Faka i-antivirus yakamuva futhi uskene ikhompuyutha yakho
- Ungawavuli ama-imeyili avela emithonjeni yangaphandle, futhi ungavuli izixhumanisi zogaxekile.
- Vumela i-Windows ukuthi ibuyekeze, kanye nezibuyekezo eziningi ze-Windows ziletha izibuyekezo ezithile zokuphepha ezingalungisa amaphutha ku-PC yakho
- Ungalandi isofthiwe emithonjeni engathenjwa.
