Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ziyakuhlola - futhi ayikho indlela elula yokuzimisa

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ziyakuhlola - futhi ayikho indlela elula yokuzimisa.

Izinkinga zokuphepha ze-Android azidingi singeniso, kodwa olunye usongo olungakayitholi ingxenye yalo yokuqwashisa ihlobene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spyware ne-stalkerware. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zingafakwa ngokuyimfihlo ocingweni lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe ukuze kuqashwe umsebenzi wakhe futhi zingase zisetshenziswe ukuze zihlukumeze izisulu zodlame lwasekhaya futhi zizibandakanye ekulandeleni ku-inthanethi. Umuntu akudingayo nje ukufinyelela ngokomzimba ocingweni lwesisulu ukuze afake lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, okungekho nzima kakhulu ezimeni zodlame lwasekhaya.

Ibize ngenguqulo esekelwa uhlelo lokusebenza ye Ukuzingela kwe-AirTag , kodwa kuma-steroids, ngoba lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spyware zingaba yonke into ehlanganisa imilayezo, izingodo zekholi, ama-imeyili, izithombe, namavidiyo. Abanye bangakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa imakrofoni nekhamera, futhi badlulisele lokhu okurekhodiwe ngokuyimfihlo kuseva eyirimothi lapho umhlukumezi engafinyelela khona. Njengoba izinqubomgomo ze-Google Play zingavumeli izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandelanayo, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zithengiswa ngamawebhusayithi ezinkampani zangaphandle futhi udinga ukuzilayisha eceleni.

Nakuba sibucayi, isimo senziwa sibe nzima nakakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlela zokuzivikela kumafoni Android , ikakhulukazi kubantu abangekho ikakhulukazi i-tech-savvy. Ingabe umzamo wami wokucwaninga Ukusebenzisana kwami, okuholwa ngu-Alex Liu weNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, kufunde izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyi-14 ze-stalkerware ezitholakala kalula kumawebhusayithi ezinkampani zangaphandle - futhi zazithola zilayishwe amandla athile angaxazululi kakhulu.

Ibanga lomonakalo elingakaze libonwe

Ngokwamandla azo ayisisekelo, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza bezikwazi ukufinyelela okufakiwe kwekhalenda, izingodo zezingcingo, okufakwe ebhodini lokunamathisela, abathintwayo, ulwazi olukhishwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ocingweni lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe, imininingwane yendawo, imininingwane yenethiwekhi, imininingwane yocingo, imilayezo, namafayela emidiya.

Iningi lalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza likwazile nokufinyelela ngokuyimfihlo kokuphakelayo kwekhamera nemakrofoni ukuze ithwebule i-multimedia, ukuthatha izithombe-skrini ngomyalo oqhelile futhi ifinyelele idatha evikelwe. Kodwa lapha akukho lapho indaba esabekayo iphela khona.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyishumi nanye ezihloliwe zizame ukufihla inqubo yokukhipha, kuyilapho uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lwe-spyware lufike lufakwe ikhodi eqinile ngomsebenzi we-"hardcore" owawuvumela ukuthi ziqale ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuqaliswa kabusha noma ngemva kokuthi imemori isuliwe uhlelo lwe-Android. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zaziwa ngokukhubaza izinkinobho zokumisa nokukhipha kwezinye izimo.

Umuntu angacabanga ukuthi ukubuka ngokushesha isiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza kungaxwayisa isisulu mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisolisayo ezifakwe kumafoni abo. Kodwa leli lungelo alitholakali ngempela kuzisulu zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spyware, ezingabiza noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-$30 kuya ku-$100 ngemodeli yokubhalisa.

Ukucasha, ukuxhashazwa kanye nokusebenza kohlelo

U-Liu, umbhali ophambili waleli phepha, utshele i-Digital Trends engxoxweni ukuthi iningi lalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza lizama ukufihla noma ukusebenzisa amagama “amsulwa” nezithonjana ukugwema izinsolo. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyi-spyware ezingu-11 kweziyi-14 zizame ukucasha obala ngaphansi kokucasha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamagama afana ne-“Wi-Fi,” “Isevisi Ye-inthanethi,” kanye “ne-SyncServices,” egcwele nezithonjana zesistimu ezikholakalayo ukusiza ukugwema noma ikuphi ukusola.

Njengoba lezi kuyizinsizakalo ezibalulekile zefoni, abasebenzisi abaningi ngeke bafune ukubhekana nazo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi kuzophula izinhlelo ezihambisanayo kumafoni abo. Kodwa kukhona okwengeziwe esicini sosongo lapha. "Siphinde sabona izimo ezithuthukile lapho lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zikwazi ukucasha esikrinini sohlelo lokusebenza noma kusiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza," kusho uLiu.

Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zizame ngokuzimisela ukufihla isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza ngemva kokufakwa ukuze isisulu singalokothi siqagele ukuthi isofthiwe yokuqapha ibisebenza ocingweni lwaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, ngaphandle kokusebenza ngemuva nokusebenzisa kabi isistimu yemvume ye-Android, aziveli esikrinini sezinhlelo zokusebenza zakamuva.

I-Digital Trends ibuze u-Liu ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zenhloli ezisebenza ngokuyimfihlo ngemuva, eziqoqa ulwazi lomuntu siqu olubucayi, zingase zivele kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanzekile ezeluleka abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhiphe izinhlelo zokusebenza abangakazisebenzisi isikhathi eside. U-Liu, ozokwethula lokhu okutholakele engqungqutheleni ezoba seZurich kuleli hlobo, uthi ithimba alizange likuhlole lokhu.

Kodwa-ke, mancane amathuba okuthi lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlanza isitoreji zizomaka izinhlelo zokusebenza zenhloli njengezingabalulekile ngoba lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zihlala zisebenza ngemuva futhi ngeke zimakwe njengezingasebenzi. Kodwa ubuhlakani obuphelele obusetshenziswa ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza yizinto zamaphupho amabi wobumfihlo.

Iyakhohlisa, iyingozi, futhi iyavuza kakhulu

Uma uvula ikhamera kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, uzobona ukubuka kuqala kwalokho okuphambi kwekhamera. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zinciphisa usayizi wokubuka kuqala ukuze ube ngu-1 x 1 pixel noma zenze ukubuka kuqala kukhanye, kwenze kungenzeki ukubona ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza olulandelanayo lurekhoda ividiyo noma luthumela ukubuka bukhoma kuseva ekude.

Okunye kwalokhu akubonisi nokubuka kuqala, thwebula ividiyo ngqo bese uyidlulisela ngokuyimfihlo. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa olunjalo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-Spy24, lisebenzisa isistimu yesiphequluli eyimfihlo ukusakaza izithombe zekhamera ezinesinqumo esigcwele. Amakholi wefoni nokurekhodwa komsindo nakho kuyisici esivame kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihloliwe ze-stalkerware nazo zitholakale zihlukumeza izilungiselelo zokufinyeleleka ku-Android. Isibonelo, abasebenzisi abanokukhubazeka kokubona noma ukuzwa bacela ifoni ukuthi ifunde okuqukethwe esibukweni. Ukuba sengozini kuvumela lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zifunde okuqukethwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza esikrinini, zikhiphe idatha kusuka kuzaziso, futhi zidlule inhlamvu yerisidi efundiwe.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zespyware ziqhubeka nokuhlukumeza isistimu yokufinyelela yokungena ngokhiye, okuyindlela evamile yokweba ulwazi olubucayi olufana nemininingwane yokungena yezikhwama zemali kanye nezinhlelo zamabhange. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifundwayo zithembele ohlelweni lwe-SMS, olubandakanya umlingisi omubi othumela i-SMS ukuze enze imisebenzi ethile isebenze.

Kodwa ezimweni ezimbalwa, ngisho ne-SMS yokuvula yayingadingeki ukwenza umsebenzi. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa (olubizwa nge-Sapppp) luyakwazi ukusula yonke imininingwane esefonini yesisulu kusetshenziswa i-SMS nje. Isigebengu singakwazi ukufaka ugaxekile ngezinhlanganisela ezihlukene zamakhodi okudlula ukwenza kanjalo, ngisho nangaphandle kolwazi lomhlaseli, okwandisa isici sobungozi.

Nakuba izinhlelo zokusebenza zespyware ezitholakala kalula ziyingozi ngokwazo, esinye isici esikhathazayo ukuvikeleka kwabo okungalungile uma kuziwa ekugcineni ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluntshontshiwe. Iqembu elinempilo lalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza lidlulisela idatha ngoxhumo lwe-HTTP olungabetheliwe, okusho ukuthi umlingisi omubi angalalela inethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi futhi afinyelele kuyo yonke.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisithupha zigcine yonke imidiya entshontshiwe kuma-URL asesidlangalaleni, nezinombolo ezingahleliwe ezinikezwe amaphakethe edatha. Isigebengu singadlala ngalezi zinombolo ezingahleliwe ukuze sebe idatha ehlotshaniswa ne-akhawunti hhayi nje eyodwa, kodwa ama-akhawunti amaningi asabalale kumadivayisi ahlukene ukuze inhloli izisulu ezingahleliwe. Kwezinye izimo, amaseva ohlelo lwe-spyware ayaqhubeka nokuqoqa idatha ngisho nangemva kokuba ilayisense yokubhalisa isiphelelwe yisikhathi.

Yini ongayenza?

Ngakho, umsebenzisi angakwenza kanjani i-smartphone Kujwayelekile ukugwema ukuba yisisulu esilandelayo salezi zicelo ze-spyware? U-Liu uthi lokho kuzodinga isinyathelo esisheshayo ngoba i-Android ayinalo uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokukuqwashisa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spyware. U-Liu ugcizelela ukuthi "ayikho indlela eqondile yokwazi ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngocingo lwakho."

Nokho, ungabheka izimpawu ezithile. "Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zihlala zisebenza ngemuva, ngakho-ke uzohlangabezana nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri okuphezulu ngokungavamile," kusho uLiu. "Uyazi kanjalo-ke ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle." U-Liu uphinda agqamise isistimu yesexwayiso sezinzwa ye-Android, manje ebonisa isithonjana phezulu uma ikhamera noma imakrofoni kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza.

U-Liu, oneziqu ze-Ph.D. Umfundi osemnyangweni wesayensi yamakhompiyutha enyuvesi, uthi uma ukusetshenziswa kwedatha yakho yeselula ngokuzumayo kukhula, lokho futhi kuwuphawu lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngoba lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spyware zihlala zithumela amaphakethe amakhulu edatha, okuhlanganisa amafayela emidiya, izingodo ze-imeyili, nokunye. . iseva ekude.

Enye indlela engenangqondo yokuthola lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezisolisayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezicashe kusiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza, ukuhlola uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ocingweni lwakho ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza Lwezilungiselelo. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibukeka zisolisa, kunengqondo ukuzisusa. “Kufanele ubuyekeze isicelo ngasinye futhi ubone ukuthi uyahambisana naso. Lesi yisixazululo esikhulu ngoba alukho uhlelo lokusebenza olungacasha lapho,” kwengeza uLiu.

Okokugcina, nawe unayo ideshibhodi yobumfihlo, okungukuthi Isici sethulwe ku-Android 12 , okukuvumela ukuthi ubone zonke izimvume ezinikezwe kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Kubasebenzisi abaqaphela ubumfihlo, bayalulekwa ukuthi bahoxise izimvume abacabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile akufanele zibe nazo kwasekuqaleni. Iphaneli yezilungiselelo ezisheshayo, engafinyelelwa ngokuswayiphela phansi kusukela phezulu, ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhubaza ukufinyelela kwemakrofoni nekhamera uma noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lisebenzisa lezi zimvume ngemuva.

"Ekupheleni kosuku, udinga ubuchwepheshe obuthile," kuphetha uLiu. Lena akuyona indlela isimo okufanele sibe ngayo kumakhulu ezigidi zabasebenzisi be-Android smartphone. U-Liu kanye nalo lonke iqembu ngemuva kwephepha banohlu lwezinkombandlela neziphakamiso ze-Google ukuze iqinisekise lokhuI-AndroidIhlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme lokuvikela kubasebenzisi ngokumelene nalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spyware.