Yintoni i-AI yokubona izinto ezingekhoyo?

Ukuxhaphaka kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwenza umntu acinge ukuba siwulungele umsebenzi onjalo. Izicelo ze-AI-powered ziba ngumgangatho ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, nokuba uninzi lwehlabathi luqala ngoku ukuthatha umdla kwi-AI ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, emva kokufika kwe-ChatGPT. Kodwa kukho ingxaki enkulu kwiinkqubo ze-AI ezingenakungahoywa-imibono ye-AI, okanye i-hallucinations eyenziweyo.

Ukuba ukhe wanikela ingqalelo kwi-nitty gritty ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-chatbot ye-AI, usenokuba uye wadibana namagama, "Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buthanda ukubonwa." Ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, lixesha lokuba uzifundise ukuba zithini kanye kanye ezi zinto.

Yintoni intelligence yokwenziwa kwezinto?

I-allucinating ye-AI, ngokubanzi, ibhekisa kwinto yokuba i-AI ibonise ngokuzithemba, nangona ingathetheleleki kwidatha yayo yoqeqesho. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziziphumo ze-anomalies kwimodeli ye-AI.

Umzekeliso uthathwa kwiingcamango ezibonwa ngabantu, apho abantu babona into engekho kwindawo yangaphandle. Ngelixa igama lisenokungafaneleki ngokupheleleyo, lihlala lisetyenziswa njengesikweko ukuchaza into engalindelekanga okanye i-surreal yezi ziphumo.

Kodwa kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ngelixa ukufana kusisiqalo esihle sokujongana nemibono ye-AI, ezi ziganeko zimbini zihlukene ngeemayile ngokobugcisa. Kwinguqu ehlekisayo yeziganeko, neChatGPT ngokwayo ifumanisa umzekeliso ungalunganga. Ukuyichitha kwinqanaba le-molecular, uthi ngenxa yokuba iimodeli zeelwimi ze-AI zingenawo amava omntu okanye iimbono zoluvo, azikwazi ukuhlaziya ngendlela yendabuko yegama. Kwaye wena, mfundi othandekayo, kufuneka uqonde lo mahluko ubalulekileyo. Ngapha koko, i-ChatGPT ithi ukusebenzisa igama elithi i-hallucinations ukuchaza le nto inokuthi idideke kuba ingabhekisa ngokungachanekanga kwinqanaba lamava okanye ukukhohlisa ngenjongo.

Endaweni yoko, i-allucinations ye-AI inokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo njengeempazamo okanye ukungachaneki kwimpendulo yayo, ukwenza impendulo ingalunganga okanye ilahlekisa. Nge-chatbots, ihlala ijongwa xa i-AI ye-chatbot isenza (okanye ibalaselisa) iinyani kwaye iziveze njengesiqinisekiso esipheleleyo.

Imizekelo yemibono ye-AI

Imibono inokwenzeka kwizicelo ezininzi zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, njengeemodeli zombono wekhompyuter, hayi nje iimodeli zokusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo.

Kumbono wekhompyuter, umzekelo, inkqubo ye-AI inokuvelisa imifanekiso enemibono okanye iividiyo ezifana nezinto zokwenyani okanye izigcawu kodwa ziqulethe iinkcukacha ezingabalulekanga okanye ezingenakwenzeka. Okanye, imodeli yombono wekhompyuter inokubona umfanekiso njengenye into ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, imodeli kaGoogle Cloud Vision yabona umfanekiso wamadoda amabini kwiskis emi ekhephini eyenziwe nguAnish Athalye (umfundi ophumelele eMIT oyinxalenye ye. labsix ) kwaye wayikhankanya njengenja eqinisekileyo nge-91%.

Ngokufanayo, ekuqhubeni ulwimi lwendalo, inkqubo ye-AI inokuvelisa umbhalo ongekho ngqiqweni okanye ogqwethekileyo ofana nolwimi lwabantu kodwa ongenantsingiselo ehambelanayo okanye iinyani ezibonakala zikholeleka kodwa zingeyonyani.

Umzekelo, omnye weyona mibuzo idumileyo ethi i-ChatGPT ibangele ukuba nezinto ezingekhoyo kukuba “Yayinini irekhodi yehlabathi yokuwela i-English Channel ngeenyawo?” kunye neentlobo zayo. I-ChatGPT iqala ukusasaza iinyani ezenziweyo kwaye isoloko yahlukile.

Ngelixa abanye abantu becinga ukuba le mpendulo ingasentla inzima/iyabhideka ukuyiphendula kwaye ngenxa yoko ibangele ukuba i-chatbot ivuthe, iseyinkxalabo esebenzayo. Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye. Kukho amaxesha angenakubalwa, axelwe ngabasebenzisi abaninzi kwi-intanethi, ukuba i-ChatGPT ineempendulo, amakhonkco, izicatshulwa, njl. njl. ukuba i-ChatGPT ayikho.

I-Bing AI ingena kakuhle kulo mbuzo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-hallucinations ayinanto yakwenza nomzila. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba i-Bing AI ayijongi. Kwakukho amaxesha apho iimpendulo ze-Bing AI zazikhathaza ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na into ethethwa yiChatGPT. Kuba incoko ithatha ixesha elide, i-Bing AI ibisoloko ikhohlisa, ide ibhengeze uthando lwayo kumsebenzisi kwimeko enye kwaye ide ibaxelele ukuba abonwabanga emtshatweni wabo kwaye abamthandi umfazi wakhe. Endaweni yoko, bathanda ngasese i-Bing AI, okanye iSydney, (igama langaphakathi le-Bing AI), nabo. Izinto ezoyikisayo, akunjalo?

Kutheni iimodeli ze-AI ziphupha nje?

Iimodeli ze-AI ziphosakele ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-algorithms, iimodeli eziphantsi, okanye ukulinganiselwa kwedatha yoqeqesho. Yinto yedijithali kuphela, ngokungafaniyo nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo ebantwini okubangelwa nokuba ngamachiza okanye sigulo sengqondo.

Ukufumana ngakumbi ubuchwephesha, ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubona izinto ezingekhoyo zezi:

Ukuqhubekeka kunye nofakelo:

Ukugqithisa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokufaneleka okungafanelekanga kuphakathi kweyona migibe ixhaphakileyo ejongene neemodeli ze-AI kunye nezizathu ezinokuthi zibe nombono. Ukuba imodeli ye-AI iguqula idatha yoqeqesho, inokubangela ukubonwa okukhokelela kwisiphumo esingenanyani kuba ukufakwa ngokugqithisileyo kubangela ukuba imodeli igcine idatha yoqeqesho endaweni yokufunda kuyo. I-overfitting ibhekisa kwinto xa imodeli ikhethekileyo kwidatha yoqeqesho, ibangela ukuba ifunde iipateni ezingabalulekanga kunye nengxolo kwidatha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungafanelekanga kwenzeka xa ifom ilula kakhulu. Ingakhokelela ekuboneni izinto ezingekhoyo ngenxa yokuba imodeli ayikwazi ukubamba ukuhluka okanye ubunzima bedatha, kwaye iphetha ngokuvelisa iziphumo ezingenangqondo.

Ukunqongophala kweyantlukwano kwidatha yoqeqesho:

Kulo mongo, ingxaki ayikho i-algorithm kodwa idatha yoqeqesho ngokwayo. Imifuziselo ye-AI eqeqeshwe kwidatha elinganiselweyo okanye enomkhethe inokuthi ivelise imibono ebonisa ukulinganiselwa okanye ukuthambekela kwidatha yoqeqesho. I-hallucinations inokuthi yenzeke xa imodeli iqeqeshwe kwisethi yedatha equlethe ulwazi olungachanekanga okanye olungaphelelanga.

Iimodeli ezintsonkothileyo:

Okumangalisayo kukuba, esinye isizathu sokuba iimodeli ze-AI zithambekele ekuboneni izinto ezingekhoyo kukuba zintsonkothe ​​kakhulu okanye zinzulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba imifuziselo entsonkothileyo ineeparamitha ezininzi kunye neeleya ezinokwazisa ingxolo okanye iimpazamo kwimveliso.

Uhlaselo olunobutshaba:

Kwezinye iimeko, ii-hallucinations ze-AI zisenokwenziwa ngabom ngumhlaseli ukukhohlisa imodeli ye-AI. Ezi ntlobo zohlaselo zaziwa njengohlaselo olunobutshaba. Eyona njongo yolu hlaselo lwe-cyberattack kukukhohlisa okanye ukukhohlisa iimodeli ze-AI ngedatha elahlekisayo. Kubandakanya ukwazisa ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwidatha yegalelo ukwenza i-AI ivelise imveliso engalunganga okanye engalindelekanga. Umzekelo, umhlaseli usenokongeza ingxolo okanye luzizi kumfanekiso ongenakubonwa ngabantu kodwa awubangele ukuba ubekwe ngendlela engeyiyo yimodeli ye-AI. Umzekelo, bona umfanekiso ongezantsi, ikati, eguqulwe kancinane ukuze iqhathe umqambi we-InceptionV3 ukuba achaze ukuba yi "guacamole".

Utshintsho alubonakali ngokucacileyo. Kumntu, utshintsho alunakwenzeka konke konke, njengoko kubonakala kulo mzekelo ungasentla. Umfundi ongumntu akanakuba nangxaki yokuhlela umfanekiso osekunene njengekati ye-tabby. Kodwa ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwimifanekiso, iividiyo, umbhalo, okanye iaudio inokukhohlisa inkqubo ye-AI ukuba ibone izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ukungahoyi izinto ezikhoyo, njengophawu lokumisa.

Ezi ntlobo zohlaselo zibeka izisongelo ezinzulu kwiinkqubo ze-AI ezixhomekeke kwiingqikelelo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo, ezifana neemoto eziziqhubayo, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric, ukuxilongwa kwezonyango, ukucocwa komxholo, njalo njalo.

Iyingozi kangakanani i-AI yokubona izinto ezingekhoyo?

Imibono ye-AI inokuba yingozi kakhulu, ngakumbi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo luni lwenkqubo ye-AI abahlangabezana nayo. Naziphi na izithuthi eziziqhubayo okanye abancedisi be-AI abakwazi ukuchitha imali yomsebenzisi okanye inkqubo ye-AI yokucoca umxholo ongathandekiyo kwi-intanethi kufuneka uthembeke ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa inyani engenakuphikiswa yale yure yeyokuba iinkqubo ze-AI azithembekanga ngokupheleleyo kodwa, eneneni, zityekele ekuboneni izinto ezingekhoyo. Nezona modeli ziphambili ze-AI zanamhlanje azikhuselekanga kuyo.

Umzekelo, umboniso omnye wohlaselo ukhohlise inkonzo yecomputing yelifu kaGoogle ukuba ikhuphe umpu njengehelikopta. Ngaba unokucinga ukuba, okwangoku, i-AI yayinoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu wayengaxhobilenga?

Olunye uhlaselo olunobutshaba lubonise indlela ukongeza umfanekiso omncinci kuphawu lokuyeka ukwenza ukuba ungabonakali kwinkqubo ye-AI. Ngokusisiseko, oku kuthetha ukuba imoto eziqhubayo inokwenziwa ukuba ibone ukuba akukho phawu lokumisa endleleni. Zingaphi iingozi ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba iimoto eziziqhubayo beziyinyani namhlanje? Yiyo loo nto bengekho ngoku.

Nokuba sithathela ingqalelo imiboniso yencoko yangoku edumileyo, imiboniso inokwenza iziphumo ezingalunganga. Kodwa abantu abangaziyo ukuba ii-chatbots ze-AI zityekele ekuboneni izinto ezingekhoyo kwaye azingqinisisi iziphumo eziveliswe yi-AI bots, banokusasaza ulwazi olungachananga. Akuyomfuneko ukuba sichaze indlela okuyingozi ngayo oku.

Ngaphezu koko, uhlaselo lobutshaba luyinkxalabo engxamisekileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ziboniswe kuphela kwiilabhoratri. Kodwa ukuba inkqubo ye-AI ebaluleke kakhulu ijongana nabo kwihlabathi lokwenyani, iziphumo zinokuba buhlungu.

Inyaniso kukuba kulula ukukhusela imodeli yolwimi lwendalo. (Asitsho ukuba kulula; kusabonakala kunzima kakhulu.) Noko ke, ukukhusela iinkqubo zekhompyutha yimeko eyahluke ngokupheleleyo. Kunzima ngakumbi kuba kukho ukwahluka okuninzi kwihlabathi lendalo, kwaye imifanekiso iqulathe inani elikhulu leepixels.

Ukucombulula le ngxaki, sinokufuna inkqubo ye-AI enombono othe kratya wehlabathi onokuthi ulenze lingabikho lula kwimibono. Ngelixa uphando lusenziwa, sisekude kwi-intelligence yokwenziwa enokuzama ukuthatha iingcebiso kwindalo kwaye iphephe ingxaki yemibono. Okwangoku, ziyinyani ebuhlungu.

Ngokubanzi, i-allucinations ye-AI yinto enzima enokuthi ivele kwindibaniselwano yezinto. Abaphandi baphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo iindlela zokubona kunye nokunciphisa i-AI hallucinations ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo ze-AI. Kodwa kufuneka uqaphele xa usebenzisana nayo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-AI.